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a person who handles things manually

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(器具・機械などを)巧みに取り扱う人,操縦者 / ごまかし屋;小細工する人

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/29 14:38:43」(JST)

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In robotics a manipulator is a device used to manipulate materials without direct contact. The applications were originally for dealing with radioactive or biohazardous materials, using robotic arms, or they were used in inaccessible places. In more recent developments they have been used in applications such as robotically-assisted surgery and in space. It is an arm-like mechanism that consists of a series of segments, usually sliding or jointed, which grasp and move objects with a number of degrees of freedom.

In industrial ergonomics a manipulator is a lift assist device used to help workers lift, maneuver and place articles in process that are too heavy, too hot, too large or otherwise too difficult for a single worker to manually handle. As opposed to simply vertical lift assists (cranes, hoists, etc.) manipulators have the ability to reach in to tight spaces and remove workpieces. A good example would be removing large stamped parts from a press and placing them in a rack or similar dunnage.

Additionally, manipulator tooling gives the lift assist the ability to pitch, roll, or spin the part for appropriate placement. An example would be removing a part from a press in the horizontal and then pitching it up for vertical placement in a rack or rolling a part over for exposing the back of the part.

Specialized types

One of the types of manipulators is balanced manipulator type MSP-250, controlled by the operator's hand. Such manipulators are used in various industries. Where there are special requirements to protect against fire and explosion, they may be driven by compressed air.

Examples

Examples of robotic manipulators are:

Canadarm
Terabot-S by Oceaneering Space Systems
SCARA
da Vinci Surgical System

References

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English Journal

The contribution of the acetabular labrum to hip joint stability: a quantitative analysis using a dynamic three-dimensional robot model.

Bonner TF, Colbrunn RW, Bottros JJ, Mutnal AB, Greeson CB, Klika AK, van den Bogert AJ, Barsoum WK.
Journal of biomechanical engineering.J Biomech Eng.2015 Jun 1;137(6). doi: 10.1115/1.4030012. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
The acetabular labrum provides mechanical stability to the hip joint in extreme positions where the femoral head is disposed to subluxation. We aimed to quantify the isolated labrum's stabilizing value. Five human cadaveric hips were mounted to a robotic manipulator, and subluxation potential tests
PMID 25759977

[Evaluation of a Micro-Manipulator for Middle Ear Surgery: A Preclinical Trial].

Peschka A1, Berger T1, Maier T2, Scholz M3, Lüth TC4, Strauß G5.
Laryngo- rhino- otologie.Laryngorhinootologie.2015 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: Microsurgical preparation is limited by geometric and mechanical constraints. In preparation for clinical use, this study investigates performance, ease of handling and precision of a novel manipulator concept for microsurgery. Material and methods: A group of 15 ENT experienced doctors,
PMID 25901486

Performance analysis of two-degree of freedom fractional order PID controllers for robotic manipulator with payload.

Sharma R1, Gaur P2, Mittal AP3.
ISA transactions.ISA Trans.2015 Apr 17. pii: S0019-0578(15)00093-2. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2015.03.013. [Epub ahead of print]
The robotic manipulators are multi-input multi-output (MIMO), coupled and highly nonlinear systems. The presence of external disturbances and time-varying parameters adversely affects the performance of these systems. Therefore, the controller designed for these systems should effectively deal with
PMID 25896827