WordNet

a passageway under a curved masonry construction; "they built a triumphal arch to memorialize their victory" (同)archway
(architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it
a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening
expert in skulduggery; "an arch criminal"
a curved bony structure supporting or enclosing organs (especially the inner sides of the feet)
(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension (同)condescending, patronizing, patronising
form an arch or curve; "her back arches"; "her hips curve nicely" (同)curve, arc
naughtily or annoyingly playful; "teasing and worrying with impish laughter"; "a wicked prank" (同)impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked
a continuous portion of a circle
constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches; "an arched passageway"
relating to the lower jaw (同)inframaxillary

PrepTutorEJDIC

(建物の)『アーチ』,迫持(せりもち) / アーチ型の記念碑,弓形門 / 『弓形のもの』 / (足の)土踏まず / …'を'弓形にする / …‘に'アーチをかける / 弓形になる,弓状に伸びる
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》おもな,主要な(chief) / (おもに女・子供が)ずるそうな,いたずらそうな(mischievous)
『弧』,円弧 / 電弧(2点間を弧状に流れる電流) / 弧を描く / 電弧を生じる
アーチ形の,弓形の / アーチのある
are (面積の単位)の変形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/31 12:07:46」(JST)

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The first pharyngeal arch also mandibular arch (corresponding to the first branchial arch or gill arch of fish), is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development.^[1] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove.

Processes

This arch divides into a maxillary process and a mandibular process, giving rise to structures including the bones of the lower two-thirds of the face and the jaw. The maxillary process becomes the maxilla (or upper jaw), and palate while the mandibular process becomes the mandible or lower jaw. This arch also gives rise to the muscles of mastication.

Meckel's cartilage

Meckel's cartilage forms in the mesoderm of the mandibular process and eventually regresses to form the incus and malleus of the middle ear, the anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament. The mandible or lower jaw forms by perichondral ossification using Meckel's cartilage as a 'template', but the mandible does not arise from direct ossification of Meckel's cartilage.

Derivatives

The skeletal elements and muscles are derived from mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches.

Derivatives of the first arch:

Skeletal elements

Malleus & Incus of the middle ear
maxilla & mandible
spine of sphenoid bone
Sphenomandibular ligament
palatine bone
squamous part of temporal bone
Anterior ligament of malleus

Muscles

Muscles of mastication (chewing)
- Masseter
- medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
- Temporalis muscles
Mylohyoid muscle
Digastric muscle, anterior belly
Tensor palati muscle
Tensor tympani muscle

Other derivatives

Mucous membrane and glands of the anterior two thirds of the tongue are derived from ectoderm and endoderm of the arch.

Nerve supply

The mandibular and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) innervate the structures derived from the corresponding processes of the first arch.^[2] In some lower animals, each arch is supplied by two cranial nerves.The nerve of the arch itself runs along the cranial side of the arch and is called post-trematic nerve of the arch.Each arch also receives a branch from the nerve of the succeeding arch called the pre-trematic nerve which runs along the caudal border of the arch.In human embryo,a double innervation is seen only in the first pharyngeal arch.The mandibular nerve is the post-trematic nerve of the first arch and chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve) is the pre-trematic nerve.This double innervation is reflected in the nerve supply of anterior two-thirds of tongue which is derived from the first arch.^[3]

Blood supply

The artery of the first arch is the first aortic arch,^[4] which partially persists as the maxillary artery.

Additional images

Human embryo from thirty-one to thirty-four days.
Head end of human embryo, about the end of the fourth week.
Floor of pharynx of embryo between 18 and 21 days.
Head end of human embryo of about thirty to thirty-one days.
The head and neck of a human embryo thirty-two days old, seen from the ventral surface.

References

^ William J. Larsen (2001). Human embryology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-06583-7
^ Harris, Edward F., 2002.Craniofacial Growth and Development.
^ Inderbir Sing,G.P Pal-Human Embryology
^ McMinn, R., 1994. Last's anatomy: Regional and applied (9th ed).

External links

hednk-011 — Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
Overview at University of Newcastle
Overview at Howard University
Mnemonic:First branchial arch

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Rapid palatal expansion effects on mandibular transverse dimensions in unilateral posterior crossbite patients: a three-dimensional digital imaging study.

Ugolini A1,2, Doldo T3, Ghislanzoni LT4, Mapelli A4, Giorgetti R3, Sforza C4.
Progress in orthodontics.Prog Orthod.2016 Dec;17(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0114-9. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this controlled study was to investigate indirect effects on mandibular arch dimensions, 1 year after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) therapy.METHODS: Thirty-three patients in mixed dentition (mean age 8.8 years) showing unilateral posterior crossbite and maxillary deficie
PMID 26746202

Measurement of root surface area of permanent teeth with root variations in a Chinese population-A micro-CT analysis.

Gu Y1, Tang Y2, Zhu Q3, Feng X4.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2016 Mar;63:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.12.001. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the influence of root variations on the root surface area (RSA) by using micro-CT scans.DESIGN: A total of 228 extracted permanent teeth (2-rooted and single-rooted maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars with non-Tomes' and Tomes' roots, 2-rooted an
PMID 26723016

The imbalance of masticatory muscle activity affects the asymmetric growth of condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in rats.

Miyazaki M1, Yonemitsu I2, Takei M1, Kure-Hattori I1, Ono T1.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2016 Mar;63:22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.020. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of imbalance of masticatory muscle activity of the rat mandible on the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone during the growth period.DESIGN: Forty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. In the experim
PMID 26669214

Japanese Journal

大臼歯部における咬合の有無が咀嚼時の脳活動に及ぼす影響 : fMRI研究

庄井和人
口腔病学会雑誌 = The journal of the Stomatological Society, Japan 81(1), 38-44, 2014-03
NAID 40020062315

Effects of Palatal Morphology on Rapid Maxillary Expansion during the Rapid Expansion Stage

Hirate Ryoji,Negishi Shinichi,Saitoh Katsuhiko,Kasai Kazutaka
International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 12(3), 161-170, 2014
… A narrowed maxillary dental arch can be treated by laterally expanding either the maxillary arch or maxillary bone with a RME appliance. … But, the effects of RME on maxillary and mandibular dental arches, palatal morphology, and oral function have not been sufficiently clarified. …
NAID 130003395898

Craniofacial Development in Rats Fed on Powdered Diet Following Extraction of All Upper Molars

Abo Norioki,Ogawa Kei,Shimizu Kunihiko
International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 12(3), 129-140, 2014
… purpose of this study was to confirm whether the environmental factors, namely powdered diet and extraction of all upper molars, have an influence on the cranium and mandibular bone size,bone volume, mineral bone density, widths between left and right condyles and gonions,and intra-arch widths at the first and third molars in rat mandibles.Ten 5-week-old male Wister rats were fed on powdered diet after extraction of all upper molars (experimental group=5 rats) and pellet diet without extraction of molars (control group=5 rats) …
NAID 130003395894

「顎骨弓」

First pharyngeal arch
	Diagram showing the regions of the adult face and neck related to the fronto-nasal process and the pharyngeal arches.
	Under surface of the head of a human embryo about twenty-nine days old.
Details
Latin	arcus pharyngeus primus
Identifiers
Gray's	p.66
MeSH	A16.254.160
Code	TE E5.0.2.1.5.0.1
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_57/12149860
	Anatomical terminology