malleus

ツチ骨 　 　

WordNet

1. the ossicle attached to the eardrum (同)hammer

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. つち骨(中耳の三つの骨のうちで最も外側にある)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/23 02:32:45」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the ossicle. For other uses, see Malleus (disambiguation).

Malleus
Malleus Tensor tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory canal Tympanic membrane (Ear drum) Eustachian tube Tympanic cavity Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
Left malleus. A. From behind. B. From within.
The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above. (Malleus visible at center.)
Details
Precursor	1st branchial arch
Identifiers
Latin	Malleus
MeSH	A09.246.397.247.524
TA	A15.3.02.043
FMA	52753
Anatomical terms of bone

This article is one of a series documenting the anatomy of the
Human ear
Outer ear Pinna Tragus
Middle ear Tympanic membrane Ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes
Inner ear Vestibules Utricle Saccule Cochlea Semicircular canals

The malleus /ˈmæliəs/ or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer or mallet. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.

Structure

See also: Ossicles

The malleus is a bone situated in the middle ear. It is the first of the three ossicles, and attached to the tympanic membrane. The head of the malleus is the large protruding section, which attaches to the incus. The head connects to the neck of malleus, and the bone continues as the handle of malleus, which connects to the tympanic membrane. Between the neck and handle of the malleus, lateral and anterior processes emerge from the bone.

The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles and birds.

Development

Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible.

Function

Main article: Hearing

The malleus is one of three ossicles in the middle ear which transmit sound from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear. The malleus receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmits this to the incus.

History

Several sources attribute the discovery of the malleus to the anatomist and philosopher Alessandro Achillini. The first brief written description of the malleus was by Berengario da Carpi in his Commentaria super anatomia Mundini (1521). Niccolo Massa's Liber introductorius anatomiae described the malleus in slightly more detail and likened both it and the incus to little hammers terming them malleoli.

Additional images

Ossicles  Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel's cartilage and hyoid bone exposed.  External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.  Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.  CT image of malleus  Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection.  Auditory ossicles. Incus and malleus. Deep dissection.

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

• Bone terminology
• Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles
• Ligaments of malleus
• Terms for anatomical location

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における急性中耳炎：診断 acute otitis media in children diagnosis
• 2. 小児における真珠腫 cholesteatoma in children
• 3. 成人における慢性中耳炎、真珠腫、および乳様突起炎 chronic otitis media cholesteatoma and mastoiditis in adults
• 4. 耳管機能障害 eustachian tube dysfunction
• 5. 耳の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the ear

English Journal

• Clinical behavior and pathogenesis of secondary acquired cholesteatoma with a tympanic membrane perforation.

• Yamamoto Y, Takahashi K, Morita Y, Takahashi S.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine , Niigata , Japan.
• Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2013 Oct;133(10):1035-9. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2013.814924. Epub 2013 Jul 15.
• Abstract Conclusion: The pathogenesis of secondary acquired cholesteatoma with a tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is very different from that of other types of cholesteatoma. This disease should be clearly categorized as a different type of cholesteatoma. Objective: Primary cholesteatoma generally
• PMID 23848236

• Localization and proliferation of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane in normal state and regeneration.

• Miyashita T, Burford JL, Hong YK, Gevorgyan H, Lam L, Mori N, Peti-Peterdi J.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. Electronic address: takenori@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
• Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2013 Sep 19. pii: S0006-291X(13)01535-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.054. [Epub ahead of print]
• We clarified the localization of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane and proliferation of lymphatic vessels during regeneration after perforation of the tympanic membrane by using whole-mount imaging of the tympanic membrane of Prox1 GFP mice. In the pars tensa, lymphatic vessel loops surroun
• PMID 24055876

• Endoscopic procurement of tympano-ossicular allografts: alternative to the transcranial or retroauricular technique.

• Van Rompaey V, Caremans J, Hamans E, Muylle L, Van de Heyning P.SourceDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. vvr@telenet.be
• Cell and tissue banking.Cell Tissue Bank.2013 Sep;14(3):511-4. doi: 10.1007/s10561-012-9344-y. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
• A tympano-ossicular tissue bank complying with European Union regulations on human allografts is feasible and critical to assure that the patient receives tissue which is safe, individually checked and prepared in a suitable environment. The transcranial procurement technique has become the standard
• PMID 23076680

Japanese Journal

• Visualization of Middle Ear Ossicles in Elder Subjects with Ultra-short Echo Time MR Imaging

• Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences 16(2), 93-97, 2017
• NAID 130005589296

• Morphogenesis of the middle ear ossicles and spatial relationships with the external and inner ears during the embryonic period

• The Anatomical Record 299(10), 1325-1337, 2016-10
• NAID 120005844260

• 『魔女への鉄槌』に見る魔女及び魔術 : 第2部問1の考察を中心に

• 南山神学. 別冊 (31), 45-69, 2016-03
• NAID 40020789377

Related Links

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• Malleus ROCK ART LAB

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「ツチ骨」

「ツチ骨」

　　[★]

英

hammer

ラ

malleus (KL)

同

槌骨

関

中耳、内耳

• 鼓膜に接している耳小骨

カテゴリ

耳小骨＞:耳小骨