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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/26 00:29:22」(JST)
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This article deals with human anatomy. For other organisms, see respective articles, e.g. Solifugae, or see malleolus, malleus, or Malleus (disambiguation)
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| malleolus |
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Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
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Back of left lower extremity. (Medial malleolus labeled at bottom right.)
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
malleolus, malleoli |
Dorlands
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m_02/12511187 |
| TA |
A02.5.06.020
A02.5.07.014 |
| Anatomical terms of bone
[edit on Wikidata]
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A malleolus[help 1] is the bony prominence on each side of the ankle.
Each leg is supported by two bones, the tibia on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the fibula on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.
Contents
- 1 Medial malleolus
- 2 Lateral malleolus
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 Notes
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Medial malleolus
The medial surface of the lower extremity of tibia is prolonged downward to form a strong pyramidal process, flattened from without inward - the medial malleolus.
- The medial surface of this process is convex and subcutaneous.
- The lateral or articular surface is smooth and slightly concave, and articulates with the talus.
- The anterior border is rough, for the attachment of the anterior fibers of the deltoid ligament of the ankle-joint.
- The posterior border presents a broad groove, the malleolar sulcus, directed obliquely downward and medially, and occasionally double; this sulcus lodges the tendons of the Tibialis posterior and Flexor digitorum longus.
- The summit of the medial malleolus is marked by a rough depression behind, for the attachment of the deltoid ligament.
Structures that pass behind medial malleolus deep to flexor retinaculum:
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Posterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial vein
- Tibial nerve
- Flexor hallucis longus
Lateral malleolus
The lower extremity of the fibula, also called the distal extremity or external malleolus, is of a pyramidal form and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus.
- The medial surface presents in front a smooth triangular surface, convex from above downward, which articulates with a corresponding surface on the lateral side of the talus. Behind and beneath the articular surface is a rough depression, which gives attachment to the posterior talofibular ligament.
- The lateral surface is convex, subcutaneous, and continuous with the triangular, subcutaneous surface on the lateral side of the body.
- The anterior border is thick and rough, and marked below by a depression for the attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament.
- The posterior border is broad and presents the shallow malleolar sulcus, for the passage of the tendons of the Peronæi longus and brevis.
- The summit is rounded, and gives attachment to the calcaneofibular ligament.
Additional images
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Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.
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Back of left lower extremity.
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Lateral aspect of right leg.
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Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
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Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
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Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
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Ankle and tarsometarsal joints. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
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Ankle and tarsometarsal joints. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
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Ankle joint. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
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Ankle and tarsometatarsal joint. Deep dissection.Anterior view
See also
- Ankle
- Bimalleolar fracture
- Trimalleolar fracture
Notes
- ^ The word malleolus ([1][2]), plural malleoli (), comes from Latin and means "small hammer". (It is cognate with mallet.)
References
- ^ "Malleolus". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
- ^ "Malleolus". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links
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Bones of the human leg
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| Femur |
| upper extremity |
- head
- neck
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- intertrochanteric line
- intertrochanteric crest
- quadrate tubercle
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| body |
- linea aspera
- gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter
- pectineal line
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| lower extremity |
- adductor tubercle
- patellar surface
- epicondyles
- condyles
- intercondylar fossa
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| Tibia |
| upper extremity |
- Gerdy's tubercle
- condyles
- intercondylar area
- posterior
- anterior
- intercondylar eminence
- lateral tubercle
- medial tubercle
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| body |
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| lower extremity |
- medial malleolus
- Anterior colliculus
- Posterior colliculus
- fibular notch
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| Fibula |
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| Other |
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| Foot |
| Tarsus |
- calcaneus
- sustentaculum tali
- calcaneal tubercle
- talus
- navicular
- cuboid
- cuneiform
- medial
- intermediate
- lateral
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| Metatarsals |
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| Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Reliable estimation of nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds.
- Jensen MB1, Biurrun Manresa J2, Andersen OK2.
- Journal of neuroscience methods.J Neurosci Methods.2015 Sep 30;253:110-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.014. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
- BACKGROUND: Assessment of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is frequently applied to probe the excitability level of the spinal nociceptive circuitry. In humans, the NWR threshold (NWR-T) is often estimated by applying electrical stimulation over the sural nerve at the lateral malleolus. Such
- PMID 26112333
- Comparison of Outcomes for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus With and Without Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability.
- Lee M1, Kwon JW1, Choi WJ1, Lee JW2.
- Foot & ankle international.Foot Ankle Int.2015 Sep;36(9):1050-7. doi: 10.1177/1071100715581477. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
- BACKGROUND: Previous reports suggest that prolonged instability of the ankle may contribute to development of osteochondral lesions and eventually lead to osteoarthritis. However, no studies have directly compared osteochondral lesions in ankles with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) to those
- PMID 25869235
- Reconstruction of the Pediatric Lateral Malleolus and Physis by Free Microvascular Transfer of the Proximal Fibular Physis.
- Bibbo C1, Ehrlich DA2, Kovach SJ 3rd3.
- The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2015 Sep-Oct;54(5):994-1000. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.12.004. Epub 2015 May 20.
- Traumatic injury to the pediatric growth plate can result in growth disturbances, late angular deformity, and limb length inequalities. Complete traumatic loss the entire growth plate complex (physis, epiphysis, and distal metaphysis) of the ankle can lead to severe joint instability and loss of fun
- PMID 26002676
Japanese Journal
- 褥瘡部を陰極とした微弱直流電流刺激療法による創の縮小効果
- 吉川 義之,杉元 雅晴,前重 伯壮,植村 弥希子,高尾 篤,松田 一浩,寺師 浩人
- 理学療法学 40(3), 200-206, 2013-06-20
- 【目的】本研究の目的は,褥瘡部を陰極とした低強度の微弱直流電流刺激(以下,LIDC)療法が褥瘡治癒期間の短縮に効果があるかを検討することである。【対象】対象は褥瘡を有する高齢者7名とした。褥瘡部位は仙骨部褥瘡2例,胸椎部褥瘡2例,腸骨部褥瘡1例,大転子部褥瘡1例,外果部褥瘡1例であり,すべての褥瘡で治癒が停滞していた。褥瘡創面評価DESIGN-Rは13〜19点であった。【方法】創面上のドレッシング …
- NAID 110009615768
- 臨床技術 小児足関節外果裂離骨折における新しいX線撮影法の検討
- 症例 サッカー選手に発生した足関節内果部の偽関節様病変の4例
Related Links
- malleolus /mal·le·o·lus/ (mah-le´o-lus) pl. malle´oli [L.] a rounded process, such as the protuberance on either side of the ankle joint at the lower end of the fibula and the tibia.malle´olar mal·le·o·lus (mə-lē′ə-ləs) n. pl. mal·le·o·li (-lī′) A ...
- Malleolus definition, the bony protuberance on either side of the ankle, at the lower end of the fibula or of the tibula. See more. Thesaurus Translate Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary My Account ...
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