関: malleolar、malleolus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/03 04:06:51」(JST)

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Malleolus (Latin, "small hammer") is the bony prominence on each side of the ankle.

Each leg is supported by two bones, the tibia on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the fibula on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.

Medial malleolus

The medial surface of the lower extremity of tibia is prolonged downward to form a strong pyramidal process, flattened from without inward - the medial malleolus.

The medial surface of this process is convex and subcutaneous.
The lateral or articular surface is smooth and slightly concave, and articulates with the talus.
The anterior border is rough, for the attachment of the anterior fibers of the deltoid ligament of the ankle-joint.
The posterior border presents a broad groove, the malleolar sulcus, directed obliquely downward and medially, and occasionally double; this sulcus lodges the tendons of the Tibialis posterior and Flexor digitorum longus.
The summit of the medial malleolus is marked by a rough depression behind, for the attachment of the deltoid ligament.

Structures that pass behind medial malleolus deep to flexor retinaculum:

Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

Lateral malleolus

The lower extremity of the fibula, also called the distal extremity or external malleolus, is of a pyramidal form and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus.

The medial surface presents in front a smooth triangular surface, convex from above downward, which articulates with a corresponding surface on the lateral side of the talus. Behind and beneath the articular surface is a rough depression, which gives attachment to the posterior talofibular ligament.
The lateral surface is convex, subcutaneous, and continuous with the triangular, subcutaneous surface on the lateral side of the body.
The anterior border is thick and rough, and marked below by a depression for the attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament.
The posterior border is broad and presents the shallow malleolar sulcus, for the passage of the tendons of the Peronæi longus and brevis.
The summit is rounded, and gives attachment to the calcaneofibular ligament.

Structures that pass behind the lateral malleolus:

Superficial to superior peroneal retinaculum:

Sural nerve
Short saphenous vein

Deep to superior peroneal retinaculum

Peroneus longus tendon
Peroneus brevis tendon

Additional images

Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.
Back of left lower extremity.
Lateral aspect of right leg.
Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle and tarsometarsal joints. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
Ankle and tarsometarsal joints. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Bones of foot.Deep dissection.
Ankle and tarsometatarsal joint. Deep dissection.Anterior view

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Diagnostic imaging

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Subtalar dislocation without associated fractures: Case report and review of literature.

Giannoulis D1, Papadopoulos DV1, Lykissas MG1, Koulouvaris P1, Gkiatas I1, Mavrodontidis A1.
World journal of orthopedics.World J Orthop.2015 Apr 18;6(3):374-9. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i3.374. eCollection 2015.
Isolated subtalar dislocations are unusual injuries due to the inherent instability of the talus. Subtalar dislocations are frequently associated with fractures of the malleoli, the talus, the calcaneus or the fifth metatarsal. Four types of subtalar dislocation have been described according to the
PMID 25893182

[Tibiotalocalcaneal corrective arthrodesis in Charcot arthropathy of the ankle with a retrograde nail].

von Recum J1.
Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie.Oper Orthop Traumatol.2015 Apr;27(2):114-28. doi: 10.1007/s00064-014-0336-x. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
BACKGROUND: Involvement of the ankle joint in Charcot osteoarthropathy is most often associated with severe instability and fracture or collapse of the talus. Caused by malalignment, ulcerations over both malleoli are associated with increased risk of major amputation.OBJECTIVE: The goal of the oper
PMID 25862127

Quantitative biomechanical comparison of ankle fracture casting methods.

Shipman A, Alsousou J, Keene DJ, Dyson IN, Lamb SE, Willett KM, Thompson MS.
Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.Biomed Tech (Berl).2015 Feb 19. pii: /j/bmte.ahead-of-print/bmt-2014-0069/bmt-2014-0069.xml. doi: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0069. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract The incidence of ankle fractures is increasing rapidly due to the ageing demographic. In older patients with compromised distal circulation, conservative treatment of fractures may be indicated. High rates of malunion and complications due to skin fragility motivate the design of novel cast
PMID 25719278

Japanese Journal

Infantile systemic hyalinosis in identical twins

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research 4(4), 210-213, 2015
NAID 130005109599

Infantile systemic hyalinosis in identical twins

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005102539

Association between hip walking and physical fitness in the elderly in a community setting

Anthropological Science 122(1), 1-6, 2014
NAID 130003391657

Related Pictures

$Two or more malleoli may also be fractured$

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「malleolar」「踝」「malleolus」

「malleolar」

Malleolus
	Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
	Back of left lower extremity. (Medial malleolus labeled at bottom right.)
Details
Latin	Malleoli
Identifiers
Gray's	p.5
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_02/12511187
TA	A02.5.06.020; A02.5.07.014
	Anatomical terms of bone