悪性細胞

WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
悪意のある,敵意のある / (病気が)悪性の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/15 12:32:25」(JST)

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Malignancy (from Latin male, meaning "badly", and -gnus, meaning "born") is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse.

Malignancy is most familiar as a characterization of cancer. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous benign tumor in that a malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues. A benign tumor has none of those properties.

Malignancy in cancers is characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis.^[1] Malignant tumors are also characterized by genome instability, so that cancers, as assessed by whole genome sequencing, frequently have between 10,000 and 100,000 mutations in their entire genomes.^[2] Cancers usually show tumour heterogeneity, containing multiple subclones.^[3]^[4] They also frequently have reduced expression of DNA repair enzymes due to epigenetic methylation of DNA repair genes or altered microRNAs that control DNA repair gene expression.

Uses of "malignant" in oncology:

Malignancy, malignant neoplasm and malignant tumor are synonymous with cancer
Malignant ascites
Malignant transformation

Non-oncologic disorders referred to as "malignant":

Malignant hypertension
Malignant hyperthermia
Malignant otitis externa
Malignant tertian malaria (malaria caused specifically by Plasmodium falciparum)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

References

^ Wilkins, E. M. 2009. clinical practice of the dental hygienist tenth edition. lippincott williams and wilkins, a walters kluwer business. Philadelphia, PA.
^ Tuna M, Amos CI (November 2013). "Genomic sequencing in cancer". Cancer Lett. 340 (2): 161–70. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.004. PMID 23178448.
^ Swanton C (October 2012). "Intratumor heterogeneity: evolution through space and time". Cancer Res. 72 (19): 4875–82. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2217. PMC 3712191. PMID 23002210.
^ Sabaawy HE (November 2013). "Genetic Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cells and their Impact on Precision Cancer Medicine". J Leuk (Los Angel) 1 (4): 1000124. doi:10.4172/2329-6917.1000124. PMC 3927925. PMID 24558642.

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1. 原発不明癌の分類およびマネージメントの概要 overview of the classification and management of cancers of unknown primary site
2. 皮膚扁平上皮癌（SCC）の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma scc
3. 肺の大細胞神経内分泌癌 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
4. 高リスクの子宮体癌に対する補助化学療法 adjuvant treatment of high risk endometrial cancers
5. 腎細胞癌の治療プロトコル treatment protocols for renal cell cancer

English Journal

5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX with multi-dose ionizing irradiation enhances host antitumor response and strongly inhibits tumor growth in experimental glioma in vivo.

Yamamoto J1, Ogura S2, Shimajiri S3, Nakano Y1, Akiba D1, Kitagawa T1, Ueta K1, Tanaka T4, Nishizawa S1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Mar;11(3):1813-9. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2991. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
Ionizing irradiation is a well‑established therapeutic modality for malignant gliomas. Due to its high cellular uptake, 5‑aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used for fluorescence‑guided resection of malignant gliomas. We have previously shown that 5‑ALA sensitizes glioma cells to irradiation in v
PMID 25420581

Endoplasmic reticulum stress protects human thyroid carcinoma cell lines against ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis.

Wu XY1, Fan RT2, Yan XH1, Cui J1, Xu JL1, Gu H2, Gao YJ1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Mar;11(3):2341-7. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2956. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective forms of cancer treatment, used in the treatment of a number of malignant tumors. However, the resistance of tumor cells to ionizing radiation remains a major therapeutic problem and the critical mechanisms determining radiation resistance are poorly defined
PMID 25405642

Ki67 is a promising molecular target in the diagnosis of cancer (Review).

Li LT, Jiang G, Chen Q, Zheng JN.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Mar;11(3):1566-72. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2914. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
The expression of Ki67 is strongly associated with tumor cell proliferation and growth, and is widely used in routine pathological investigation as a proliferation marker. The nuclear protein Ki67 (pKi67) is an established prognostic and predictive indicator for the assessment of biopsies from patie
PMID 25384676

Japanese Journal

中枢神経系における悪性リンパ腫 : Overview (特集神経系の悪性リンパ腫 update)

滑川道人
Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 66(8), 907-916, 2014-08
NAID 40020173678

症例報告組織学的に真皮に母斑細胞を思わせる胞巣を認めた足底悪性黒色腫の1例

山本洋輔,外川八英,末廣敬祐 [他]
臨床皮膚科 = Japanese journal of clinical dermatology 68(8), 631-635, 2014-07
NAID 40020151070

Low-grade B-cell lymphoma presenting primarily in the bone marrow

Iwatani Kayoko,Takata Katsuyoshi,Sato Yasuharu,Miyata-Takata Tomoko,Iwaki Noriko,Cui Wei,Sawada-Kitamura Seiko,Sonobe Hiroshi,Tamura Maiko,Saito Katsuhiko,Miyatani Katsuya,Yamasaki Rie,Yamadori Ichiro,Fujii Nobuharu,Terasaki Yasushi,Maeda Yoshinobu,Tanimoto Mitsune,Nakamura Naoya,Yoshino Tadashi
Human Pathology 45(7), 1379-1387, 2014-07
… Cases of low-grade B-cell lymphoma presenting primarily in the bone marrow are rare, and its clinicopathology remains unclear. … We retrospectively examined patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma presenting primarily in the bone marrow. …
NAID 120005473076