lymphadenitis

リンパ節炎

　

WordNet

1. inflammation of lymph nodes
2. inflammation of a gland or lymph node

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/10 08:43:50」(JST)

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Lymphadenopathy

Cervical lymphadenopathy in someone with mononucleosis
ICD-10	I88, L04, R59.1
ICD-9	289.1-289.3, 683, 785.6
DiseasesDB	22225
MedlinePlus	001301
eMedicine	ped/1333
MeSH	D008206

Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes". It could be due to infection, auto-immune disease, or malignancy.

Inflammation of a lymph node is called lymphadenitis. In practice, the distinction between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis is rarely made. Inflammation of lymph channels is called lymphangitis. Infectious lymphadenitides affecting cervical lymph nodes are often called scrofula (see Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis).

Types

Micrograph of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, a type of lymphadenopathy. H&E stain.

• Localized lymphadenopathy : due to localized spot of infection e.g., an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up
• Generalized lymphadenopathy : due to generalized infection all over the body e.g., influenza
  • Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) : persisting for a long time, possibly without an apparent cause
• Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy : lymphadenopathy associated with skin disease.

Tangier disease (ABCA1 deficiency) may also cause lymphadenopathy.

Cause

Enlarged lymph nodes are a common symptom in a number of infectious and malignant diseases. It is a recognized symptom of many diseases, of which some are as follows:

• Reactive: acute infection (e.g., bacterial, or viral), or chronic infections (tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease).
  • The most distinctive symptom of bubonic plague is extreme swelling of one or more lymph nodes that bulge out of the skin as "buboes." The buboes often become necrotic and may even rupture.
  • Infectious mononucleosis is an acute viral infection, the hallmark of which is marked enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.
  • It is also a symptom of cutaneous anthrax, measles and Human African trypanosomiasis, the latter two giving lymphadenopathy in lymph nodes in the neck.
  • Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease, gives a generalized lymphadenopathy (Piringer-Kuchinka lymphadenopathy).
  • Plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease - associated with HHV-8 infection and HIV infection.
  • Mesenteric lymphadenitis after viral systemic infection (particularly in the GALT in the appendix) can commonly present like appendicitis.

• Tumoral:
  • Primary: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma give lymphadenopathy in all or a few lymph nodes.
  • Secondary: metastasis, Virchow's Node, Neuroblastoma, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

• Autoimmune etiology: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis all giving a generalized lymphadenopathy.

• Immunocompromised etiology: AIDS. Generalized lymphadenopathy is an early sign of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syndrome" has been used to describe the first symptomatic stage of HIV progression, preceding a diagnosis of AIDS.

• Bites from certain venomous snakes, most notably the black mamba, kraits, Australian brown snakes, coral snakes, tiger snakes, taipans, death adders, and some of the more toxic species of cobra.

• Unknown etiology: Kikuchi disease, progressive transformation of germinal centres, sarcoidosis, hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman's disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Kawasaki disease, Kimura disease

Benign (reactive) lymphadenopathy

There are three distinct patterns of benign lymphadenopathy:

• Follicular hyperplasia - Seen in infections, autoimmune disorders, and nonspecific reactions.
• Paracortical hyperplasia - Seen in viral infections, skin diseases, and nonspecific reactions.
• Sinus histiocytosis - Seen in lymph nodes draining limbs, inflammatory lesions, and malignancies.

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

CT scan of the chest showing lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum due to sarcoidosis.

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) is a radiographic term that describes the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. It is easily and most commonly identified by a chest x-ray.

Causes of BHL

The following are causes of BHL:

• Sarcoidosis
• Infection
  • Tuberculosis
  • Mycoplasma
  • Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's Disease)
• Malignancy
  • Lymphoma
  • Carcinoma
  • Mediastinal tumors
• Inorganic dust disease
  • Silicosis
  • Berylliosis
• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
  • Such as bird fancier's lung
• Less common causes also exist:^{[citation needed]}
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome
  • Human immunodeficiency virus
  • Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Adult-onset Still's disease

See also

• Adenitis
• Lymphovascular invasion

References

External links

• HPC:13820 on humpath.com (Digital slides)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における頸部リンパ節炎：診断的アプローチおよび初期治療 cervical lymphadenitis in children diagnostic approach and initial treatment
• 2. 成人における末梢リンパ節腫大の評価 evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults
• 3. 小児における非結核性抗酸菌性リンパ節炎の概要 overview of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children
• 4. 小児における頸部リンパ節炎：病因および臨床症状 cervical lymphadenitis in children etiology and clinical manifestations
• 5. 結核性リンパ節炎 tuberculous lymphadenitis

English Journal

• Novel mutations (γTrp208Leu and γLys232Thr) leading to congenital hypofibrinogenemia in two unrelated Chinese families.

• Zhu L1, Wang Y, Zhao M, Hao X, Xie H, Xie Y, Wang M, Ding H.
• Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis.2014 Dec;25(8):894-7. doi: 10.1097/MBC.0000000000000156.
• Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the fibrinogen genes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular defects in two unrelated families with hypofibrinogenemia. The proband from family A was a 19-year-old Chinese boy who was suffering from ce
• PMID 24914742

• Unusual case of cervical syphilis with Piringer-Kuchinka-like lymphadenitis.

• Moreno-Sánchez M1, González-García R2, García CM2, Monje F2.
• The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2014 Dec;52(10):e141-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
• Syphilis rarely presents with cervical lymphadenopathy. We describe a patient with a cervical mass associated with weight loss, asthenia, and night sweats. The mass was excised and histological examination suggested Piringer-Kuchinka lymphadenitis, which is usually present in cervical toxoplasmosis.
• PMID 25277646

• Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: Report of 4 cases and review of the literature.

• Lamzaf L1, Harmouche H2, Maamar M2, Adnaoui M2, Aouni M2, Tazi Mezalek Z2.
• European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases.Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis.2014 Dec;131(6):329-32. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2013.01.007. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
• INTRODUCTION: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a benign disease of unknown origin predominantly affecting young women and presenting in the form of cervical lymphadenopathy and/or prolonged fever.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors report 4 cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto
• PMID 25294358

Japanese Journal

• 臨床研究・症例報告 リンパ節腫脹が腸間膜に限局し,著明な白血球減少を呈した亜急性壊死性リンパ節炎の1例

• 松井 勝敏,徳原 大介,河井 和夫 [他]
• 小児科臨床 68(5), 1007-1013, 2015-05
• NAID 40020429548

• 非定型的皮疹を伴った成人Still病を合併した組織球性壊死性リンパ節炎(菊池病)の1例 (特集 膠原病)

• 竹之下 秀雄,石川 浩男,岡野 健 [他]
• 皮膚科の臨床 57(1), 73-78, 2015-01
• NAID 40020322654

• 腸間膜に発症した組織球性壊死性リンパ節炎の1例

• 大野 通暢,中野 美和子,吉田 史子 [他],遠藤 昌夫
• 日本小児外科学会雑誌 51(2), 228-233, 2015
• 診断に難渋した腸間膜発症組織球性壊死性リンパ節炎の症例報告．症例は手術歴のない14 歳男児．嘔吐，腹痛，下痢，発熱を主訴として小児科を受診し，腹部単純レントゲン写真で小腸全体に腸管麻痺像が認められたため入院となった．CT では腸管拡張が著明で腹水が貯留．明らかな腸管の狭窄はなく脈管の血栓もなかった．入院第5 病日でWBC 10,480/ml，CRP 6.58 mg/dl，CPK 3,722 IU/ …
• NAID 130005065237

Related Links

• Lymphadenitis - Diseases & Conditions - Medscape Reference

Lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis is the inflammation or enlargement of a lymph node. ... Gary J Noel, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College; Attending Pediatrician, New York-Presbyterian ...

• lymphadenitis - definition of lymphadenitis in the Medical ...

Lymphadenitis Definition Lymphadenitis is the inflammation of a lymph node. It is often a complication of a bacterial infection of a wound, although it can also be caused by viruses or other disease agents. Lymphadenitis may be either ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「adenitis」
拡張検索	「aseptic localized lymphadenitis」「non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis」「bilateral hilar lymphadenitis」

「adenitis」

　　[★]

腺炎、リンパ節炎

関

lymphadenitis

　

「aseptic localized lymphadenitis」

　　[★] ネコひっかき病。非細菌性局所性リンパ節炎

「non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis」

　　[★] 非特異性腸間膜リンパ節炎

「bilateral hilar lymphadenitis」

　　[★] 両側性肺門リンパ節炎