精神異常の

関: mental aberration

WordNet

insane and believed to be affected by the phases of the moon (同)moonstruck
an insane person (同)madman, maniac
a political unit with extreme and fanatical views

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精神異常者,狂人 / 精神異常者の;気違いじみた(crazy),非常に愚かな / 狂人のための

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/06 11:58:02」(JST)

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"Loony" redirects here. For the Canadian 1 dollar coin (loonie), see Canadian 1 dollar coin. Or see Looney or Luni.

Lunatic is an informal term referring to a person who is considered mentally ill, dangerous, foolish or unpredictable, conditions once attributed to lunacy. The term may be considered insulting in serious contexts in modern times, but is now more likely to be used in friendly jest. The word derives from lunaticus meaning "of the moon" or "moonstruck". The term was once commonly used in law.^[1]

History

The horoscope of a "Lunatic" according to an astrologer who describes how the positions of the planets Saturn and Mars with respect to the moon are the cause of "diseases of the mind".^[2]

The term "lunatic" derives from the Latin word lunaticus, which originally referred mainly to epilepsy and madness, as diseases caused by the moon.^[3] By the fourth and fifth centuries^{[clarification needed]} astrologers were commonly using the term to refer to neurological and psychiatric diseases.^[3] Philosophers such as Aristotle and Pliny the Elder argued that the full moon induced insane individuals with bipolar disorder by providing light during nights which would otherwise have been dark, and affecting susceptible individuals through the well-known route of sleep deprivation.^[4]^{[clarification needed]} Until at least 1700 it was also a common belief that the moon influenced fevers, rheumatism, episodes of epilepsy and other diseases.^[5]

Use of the term "lunatic" in legislation

In the British jurisdiction of England and Wales the Lunacy Acts 1890–1922 referred to "lunatics", but the Mental Treatment Act 1930 changed the legal term to "person of unsound mind", an expression which was replaced under the Mental Health Act 1959 by "mental illness". "Person of unsound mind" was the term used in 1950 in the English version of the European Convention on Human Rights as one of the types of person who could be deprived of liberty by a judicial process. The 1930 Act also replaced the term "asylum" with "mental hospital". Criminal lunatics became Broadmoor patients in 1948 under the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947.

On December 5, 2012 the US House of Representatives passed legislation approved earlier by the US Senate removing the word "lunatic" from all federal laws in the United States.^[1] President Obama signed this legislation into law on December 28, 2012.^[6]

"Of unsound mind" or non compos mentis are alternatives to "lunatic", which was the most conspicuous term used for insanity in the law in the late 19th century.^[7]

Lunar distance

The term lunatic was also used by supporters of John Harrison and his marine chronometer method of determining longitude, to refer to proponents of the Method of Lunar Distances, advanced by Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne.^{[citation needed]}

Later, members of the Lunar Society of Birmingham called themselves lunaticks. In an age with little street lighting, the society met on or near the night of the full moon.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b Sherman, Amy (17 December 2012). "Allen West said the House voted to remove the word 'lunatic' from federal law". PolitiFact. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
^ Heydon, C. (1792). Astrology. The wisdom of Solomon in miniature, being a new doctrine of nativities, reduced to accuracy and certainty ... Also, a curious collection of nativities, never before published. London: printed for A. Hamilton. ISBN 9781170010471.
^ ^a ^b Riva, M. A.; Tremolizzo, L.; Spicci, M; Ferrarese, C; De Vito, G; Cesana, G. C.; Sironi, V. A. (January 2011). "The Disease of the Moon: The Linguistic and Pathological Evolution of the English Term "Lunatic"". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 20 (1): 65–73. doi:10.1080/0964704X.2010.481101.
^ The Moon and madness reconsidered Journal of Affective Disorders, June, 1999
^ Harrison, Mark (2000). "From medical astrology to medical astronomy: sol-lunar and planetary theories of disease in British medicine, c. 1700–1850". The British Journal for the History of Science 33 (1): 25–48. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003854.
^ "Statement by the Press Secretary on H.J. Res. 122, H.R. 3477, H.R. 3783, H.R. 3870, H.R. 3912, H.R. 5738, H.R. 5837, H.R. 5954, H.R. 6116, H.R. 6223, S. 285, S. 1379, S. 2170, S. 2367, S. 3193, S. 3311, S. 3315, S. 3564, and S. 3642". Office of the Press Secretary. The White House. December 28, 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^ "Lunacy". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

External links

Does the full moon have any effects on mood? (cites research studies: 2 negative, 1 positive)
Crackdown on lunar-fuelled crime - BBC News, 5 June 2007

English Journal

miR-146a Exerts Differential Effects on Melanoma Growth and Metastatization.

Raimo M1, Orso F1, Grassi E2, Cimino D3, Penna E2, De Pitta C4, Stadler MB5, Primo L6, Calautti E2, Quaglino P7, Provero P2, Taverna D8.
Molecular cancer research : MCR.Mol Cancer Res.2016 Mar 10. pii: molcanres.0425.2015. [Epub ahead of print]
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer therefore it is crucial to disclose its underlying molecular mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs able to post-transcriptionally down-regulate the expression of direct target genes. Using a melanoma progressio
PMID 26965144

Disruption of somitogenesis by a novel dominant allele of Lfng suggests important roles for protein processing and secretion.

Williams DR1, Shifley ET2, Braunreiter KM1, Cole SE3.
Development (Cambridge, England).Development.2016 Mar 1;143(5):822-30. doi: 10.1242/dev.128538. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
Vertebrate somitogenesis is regulated by a segmentation clock. Clock-linked genes exhibit cyclic expression, with a periodicity matching the rate of somite production. In mice, lunatic fringe (Lfng) expression oscillates, and LFNG protein contributes to periodic repression of Notch signaling. We hyp
PMID 26811377

Women of the Surrey County Lunatic Asylum: first photographic portraits of mental illness (1852).

Pérez J1,2.
Archives of women's mental health.Arch Womens Ment Health.2016 Feb;19(1):201-2. doi: 10.1007/s00737-015-0584-2. Epub 2015 Sep 19.
PMID 26386683

Lunatic, Manic, and Radical Fringe Each Promote T and B Cell Development.

Song Y1, Kumar V1, Wei HX1, Qiu J1, Stanley P2.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2016 Jan 1;196(1):232-43. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402421. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
Lunatic, Manic, and Radical Fringe (LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG) are N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases that modify Notch receptors and regulate Notch signaling. Loss of LFNG affects thymic T cell development, and LFNG and MFNG are required for marginal zone (MZ) B cell development. However, roles for MFNG a
PMID 26608918

Japanese Journal

京都癲狂院設立目的再考

中村治
精神医学史研究 16(2), 95-102, 2012
NAID 40019466914

Symbolization of Female Insanity in Jane Eyre

長田舞
東京女子大学紀要論集 62(1), 173-188, 2011-09
… reated as Edward Rochester's lunatic wife in Jane Eyre (1847), is one of the most famous monstrous madwomen in early nineteenth-century literature. … In Jane Eyre, even though Jane Eyre and Bertha are potentially depicted as inferior Others, with respect to insanity, their difference is undeniable: while Jane is barely on the side of sanity, Bertha is represented as a lunatic woman. …
NAID 40019049515

外国人教師ローレツの作業療法に関する研究--癲狂院設立に関する建議を中心に

日下部修
福岡大学大学院論集 43(1), 43-54, 2011-07-30
NAID 40018967768

京都癲狂院における作業療法に関する研究--外国人教師ヨンケルを中心に

日下部修
福岡大学大学院論集 43(1), 31-42, 2011-07-30
NAID 40018967767

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「精神異常」「mental aberration」

「精神異常」

「Lunatic」
SM☆SH のシングル
収録アルバム	AIR SM☆SH 1
リリース	2010年10月27日
規格	シングル
ジャンル	J-POP
時間	8分
レーベル	フォーライフミュージックエンタテイメント
プロデュース	Tony An
チャート最高順位
	48位（オリコン）;
SM☆SH シングル年表
『AIR SM☆SH 1』収録曲
	テンプレートを表示

　　[★]

英: mental aberration、lunatic

「mental aberration」

　　[★]

精神異常

関: lunatic

[Sherman-1] Sherman, Amy (17 December 2012). "Allen West said the House voted to remove the word 'lunatic' from federal law". PolitiFact. Retrieved 18 December 2012.

[Heydon-2] Heydon, C. (1792). Astrology. The wisdom of Solomon in miniature, being a new doctrine of nativities, reduced to accuracy and certainty ... Also, a curious collection of nativities, never before published. London: printed for A. Hamilton. ISBN 9781170010471.

[Riva-3] Riva, M. A.; Tremolizzo, L.; Spicci, M; Ferrarese, C; De Vito, G; Cesana, G. C.; Sironi, V. A. (January 2011). "The Disease of the Moon: The Linguistic and Pathological Evolution of the English Term "Lunatic"". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 20 (1): 65–73. doi:10.1080/0964704X.2010.481101.

[JAD-4] The Moon and madness reconsidered Journal of Affective Disorders, June, 1999

[Harrison-5] Harrison, Mark (2000). "From medical astrology to medical astronomy: sol-lunar and planetary theories of disease in British medicine, c. 1700–1850". The British Journal for the History of Science 33 (1): 25–48. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003854.

[6] "Statement by the Press Secretary on H.J. Res. 122, H.R. 3477, H.R. 3783, H.R. 3870, H.R. 3912, H.R. 5738, H.R. 5837, H.R. 5954, H.R. 6116, H.R. 6223, S. 285, S. 1379, S. 2170, S. 2367, S. 3193, S. 3311, S. 3315, S. 3564, and S. 3642". Office of the Press Secretary. The White House. December 28, 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013.

[7] "Lunacy". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

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lunatic