WordNet

sell illegally, as on the black market
remove the scalp of; "The enemies were scalped"
the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an optical device that produces an intense monochromatic beam of coherent light (同)optical maser
a thin straight surgical knife used in dissection and surgery

PrepTutorEJDIC

頭皮(髪でおおわれている部分) / 頭髪つきの頭皮(昔北米インディアンが戦利品として敵の頭からはいだもの) / 《話》(一般に)戦利品 / …‘から'頭皮をはぎ取る / 《米話》〈入場券など〉‘を'高値で転売する
レーザー(強力な可視光線を発生させる;医療,通信,軍事用)
外科用メス,解剖刀

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/05 15:14:33」(JST)

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A 40 watt CO₂ laser scalpel with applications in ENT, gynecology, dermatology, oral surgery, and podiatry

A laser scalpel is a scalpel for surgery, cutting or ablating living biological tissue by the energy of laser light. The laser scalpel was invented in 1964.^[1] In soft tissue laser surgery, a laser beam ablates or vaporizes the soft tissue with high water content. Diode, Nd: and Er:YAG, and CO2 lasers are used most commonly in soft tissue surgery.

CO₂ lasers are best for cutting soft tissue because their wavelength is most absorbed by water.^[2]^[3] The focused CO₂ laser beam vaporizes tissue precisely, with little thermal damage to surrounding tissues (thermal coagulation zone is as little as 50 microns). The surgical outcome is thus safe and predictable. The CO₂ laser is used in virtually all soft tissue procedures, including face lifts, tumor excision, and surgeries in the oral cavity. CO₂ laser surgery is praised for minimized bleeding, less swelling and discomfort, reduced infection risk, and less procedure time, as compared to traditional scalpel surgery. Applications include oral surgery, periodontal surgery, oncological surgery, among many others.^[4]

In ophthalmology, excimer lasers are used for changing the shape of the cornea, procedures known as LASIK and LASEK.

Other surgical fields where the use of a laser scalpel is common are circumcision, neurosurgery and vascular surgery.

For research use in cell biology, special laser micro-scalpels can make cuts smaller than a single cell.

Laser lancets, e.g. Lasette or LaserDoc, are used as a less painful alternative for drawing small amounts (up to 100 µl) of capillary blood, e.g. for diabetic glucose tests. An adjustable-power flashlamp or diode pumped pulsed Er:YAG laser is typically used. A 150 mJ pulse (focused to 6 J/mm²) can vaporize a 0.025 mm² of skin to 0.5 mm depth.^[5]

Today diode lasers, Nd:YAG and Er:YAG (and their variants, differing by pumping methods and host crystal type, e.g. Er,Cr:YSGG laser), and CO₂ lasers are most commonly used, but possible benefits of using the vastly more expensive free electron lasers are being researched.

Literature

D.H. Sliney, S.L. Trokel: Medical lasers and their safe use, ISBN 3-540-97856-9
Leon Danaila, Mihail-Lucian Pascu: Lasers in Neurosurgery, 2001, ISBN 973-27-0802-6
K. K. Jain: Handbook of Laser Neurosurgery, 1983, ISBN 0-398-04844-4

References

^ www.physiciansequipmentblog.com
^ Fisher, JC (1987). Endoscopic Laser Surgery Handbook. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. pp. 1–130.
^ Levine, R; Vitruk, P (2015). "Laser-Assisted Operculectomy". Compend Contin Educ Dent. 36: 561–7. PMID 26355439.
^ "Soft-Tissue Laser Surgery". LightScalpel.
^ https://www.google.com/patents/US5947957

External links

Vanderbilt — free electron laser for brain tumor removal
Harvard — laser micro-scalpels

UpToDate Contents

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1. 医療用レーザーの基本原則 basic principles of medical lasers
2. 子宮頸部上皮内腫瘍：子宮頸部円錐切除術のための手順 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia procedures for cervical conization
3. 下肢慢性静脈疾患治療のための血管内レーザー治療 endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of lower extremity chronic venous disease
4. 肌の若返りのためのレーザーによる皮膚の再生 ablative laser resurfacing for skin rejuvenation
5. Bronchoscopic laser in the management of airway disease in adults

English Journal

Spectroscopic insights on imidazole substituted phthalocyanine photosensitizers: Fluorescence properties, triplet state and singlet oxygen generation.

Zhang XF1, Lin Y2, Guo W2, Zhu J2.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Dec 10;133:752-8. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.063. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
Imidazole substituted metal phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes were synthesized. UV-vis absorption, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence, as well as laser flash photolysis were used to measure the photophysical and photosensitizing properties. All the imidazole-phthalocyanine conjugates show high
PMID 24997445

A comparative study of low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with or without chemical peeling using Jessner's solution in melasma patients.

Lee DB1, Suh HS, Choi YS.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):523-8. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.848261. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
BACKGROUND: Although low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) is widely used for the treatment of melasma, multiple treatments are necessary for clinical improvement. Superficial chemical peeling using Jessner's solution has been used for treatment of melasma conventionally.OBJECTIVES: To
PMID 24289244

An albumin-based theranostic nano-agent for dual-modal imaging guided photothermal therapy to inhibit lymphatic metastasis of cancer post surgery.

Chen Q1, Liang C1, Wang X2, He J3, Li Y2, Liu Z4.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Nov;35(34):9355-62. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.062. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
A large variety of cancers are associated with a high incidence of lymph node metastasis, which leads to a high risk of cancer death. Herein, we demonstrate that multimodal imaging guided photothermal therapy can inhibit tumor metastasis after surgery by burning the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with
PMID 25132606