ischiatic

• 坐骨の

関

ischial、ischial bone、ischium、sciatic

WordNet

1. one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium (同)ischial_bone, os_ischii
2. relating to or caused by or afflicted with sciatica
3. of or relating to the ischium (or the part of the hipbone containing it); "sciatic nerve"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 座骨
2. 座骨の / 座骨神経[痛]の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/13 23:05:07」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Nerve: Sciatic Nerve
Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and sciatic nerve
Latin	Nervus ischiadicus
Gray's	subject #213 960
Innervates	Lateral rotator group (except piriformis and quadratus femoris) and the posterior compartment of thigh
From	Lumbar and sacral plexus (L4-S3)
To	Tibial and common fibular nerve

The sciatic nerve (/saɪˈætɪk/; also called ischiadic nerve, ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus.

Course

The nerve exits the sciatic notch and runs anterior (deep) to piriformis. It then lies posterior (superficial) to the short external rotators (superior gemellus, inferior gemellus and obturator internus). It then runs down the posterior leg where it breaks into its three main divisions at the level of the mid thigh. The terminal branches are the common peroneal and tibial nerve.

Branches

The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches.

• The articular branches (rami articulares) arise from the upper part of the nerve and supply the hip-joint, perforating the posterior part of its capsule; they are sometimes derived from the sacral plexus.

• The muscular branches (rami musculares) are distributed to the following muscles of the lower limb: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the hamstring portion of adductor magnus. The nerve to the short head of the biceps femoris comes from the common fibular part of the sciatic (see below), while the other muscular branches arise from the tibial portion, as may be seen in those cases where there is a high division of the sciatic nerve.

The muscular branch eventually gives off the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve, which innervates the muscles of the (lower) leg. The tibial nerve goes on to innervate all muscles of the foot except the extensor digitorum brevis and the extensor hallucis brevis (which are innervated by the deep fibular nerve).

Tibial and common peroneal nerve

Sensory supply

The sciatic nerve innervates the skin on the posterior aspect of the thigh and gluteal regions, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its medial aspect).

Pathology

Pain caused by a compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by a problem in the lower back is called sciatica. Common causes of sciatica include the following lower back and hip conditions: spinal disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and piriformis syndrome. Other acute causes of sciatica include coughing, muscular hypertension, and sneezing.

Sciatic nerve injury occurs between 0.5% and 2.0% of the time during total hip arthroplasty. Sciatic nerve palsy is a complication of total hip arthroplasty with an incidence of 0.2% to 2.8% of the time, or with an incidence of 1.7% to 7.6% following revision. Following the procedure, in rare cases, a screw, broken piece of trochanteric wire, fragment of methyl methacrylate bone cement, or Burch-Schneider metal cage can impinge on the nerve; this can cause sciatic nerve palsy which may resolve after the fragment is removed and the nerve freed. The nerve can be surrounded in oxidized regenerated cellulose to prevent further scarring. Sciatic nerve palsy can also result from severe spinal stenosis following the procedure, which can be addressed by spinal decompression surgery.

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy resulted in major nerve deficits in the sciatic or femoral nerves in 2.1% of 1760 patients, of whom approximately half experienced complete recovery within a mean of 5.5 months.

Sciatic nerve exploration can be done by endoscopy in a minimally invasive procedure to assess lesions of the nerve. Endoscopic treatment for sciatic nerve entrapment has been investigated in deep gluteal syndrome; "Patients were treated with sciatic nerve decompression by resection of fibrovascular scar bands, piriformis tendon release, obturator internus, or quadratus femoris or by hamstring tendon scarring."

Additional images

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Structures surrounding right hip-joint.

• Nerves of the right lower extremity. Posterior view.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

See also

• Gid hanasheh, Jewish Law related to the sciatic nerve
• Sciatica

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• Duke Orthopedics sciatic_nerve
• MedlinePlus Image 19503
• pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (pelvicnerves)
• glutealregion at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (glutealner)
• Sciatic Nerve - Cell Centered Database
• Sciatica and the Sciatic Nerve

English Journal

• Does the new Helix 3D hip joint improve walking of hip disarticulated amputees?

• Gailledrat E, Moineau B, Seetha V, Deangelis MP, Saurel B, Chabloz P, Nougier V, Pérennou D.SourceDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Grenoble University Hospital, Institute of Rehabilitation, avenue de Kimberley, CS 90338, BP, 38434 Echirolles cedex, France. Electronic address: EGailledrat@chu-grenoble.fr.
• Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine.Ann Phys Rehabil Med.2013 Jul;56(5):411-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.05.001. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
• PURPOSE: Testing the new hip joint Helix(3D) efficiency through clinical data and walking parameters.METHOD: Three young hip-disarticulated patients (P1, P2 and P3) were assessed both with their previous prosthesis at first day, then four days and six months after being trained with a new prosthesis
• PMID 23830863

• [Indication of sclerotherapy in the treatment of ischiatic pressure sore: about 13 cases].

• Bahé L, Prud'homme A, Penaud A, Formé N, Zakine G.SourceService de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, centre des brûlés, hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, France. laurentbahe@sfr.fr
• Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique.Ann Chir Plast Esthet.2012 Dec;57(6):587-93. doi: 10.1016/j.anplas.2009.11.019. Epub 2010 Jun 18.
• INTRODUCTION: Ischiatic pressure sore is a common pathology of the paraplegic patient. Usually treated after medical therapy, with fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous local flaps, despite this treatment the recurrence rate is high. Sclerotherapy, injection of pure ethanol in the cavity of the pressu
• PMID 20561734

• Validation of a task-specific scoring system for a microvascular surgery simulation model.

• Nimmons GL, Chang KE, Funk GF, Shonka DC, Pagedar NA.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
• The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2012 Oct;122(10):2164-8. doi: 10.1002/lary.23525. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
• OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Simulation models can help develop procedural skills outside the clinical setting while also providing a means for evaluation of trainees. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) have been developed for several procedures. The purpose of this study was to de
• PMID 22961593

Japanese Journal

• 外科的切除により長期生存となった坐骨転移をともなう直腸癌の1例

• 飯野 弥,森 義之,三井 文彦,藤井 秀樹
• 日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 63(3), 173-178, 2010-03-01
• 症例は59歳，女性．右下肢痛を主訴に近医を受診し，MRIで右坐骨腫瘤と直腸腫瘍が指摘された．当科を紹介受診し，進行下部直腸癌，右坐骨転移と診断した．右坐骨転移以外に遠隔転移は認められなかった．5FuとCDDPの全身化学療法に加え，坐骨転移も含めた全骨盤へ総量40Gyの放射線治療をおこなったが右下肢痛は改善されないため，疼痛緩和の手段として腹会陰式直腸切断術と右骨盤半裁術を施行した．術後に肝転移が出 …
• NAID 10026314003

• ニホンカモシカ(Capricornis crispus)の雄の生殖器の形態学的研究,とくにヤギとの比較

• 恒成 一郎,松尾 信一,大島 浩二
• 信州大学農学部紀要 23(2), p87-109, 1986-12
• … Muscles of the male genital organ: The ischiourethralis of the Japanese serow originates from the ischiatic arch and ends on the ventro-lateral surface of the bulb of the penis. …
• NAID 120001087774

• 牛の多趾症肢の解剖学的所見

• 那須 哲夫 [他]
• 宮崎大学農学部研究報告 31(1), p79-89, 1984-10
• … 4) Arising from the ischiatic nerve, the common peroneal nerve divided into superficial and deep branches. … The tibial nerve was one of the two terminal branches of the ischiatic nerves, it gave off musclar branches to the flexor muscles while coursing under the triceps surae, and appeared on the volar surface to divide into the lateral and medial plantar nerves. …
• NAID 120002013587

Related Links

• Ischiatic | Define Ischiatic at Dictionary.com

Ischiatic definition, the lower portion of either innominate bone. See more. Thesaurus Translate Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary My Account Log Out Log In follow Dictionary.com Dictionary More...

• ischiatic - definition of ischiatic by Medical dictionary

ischiatic /is·chi·at·ic/ (is″ke-at´ik) ischial. ischiatic [is″ke-at´ik] 1. ischial. 2. sciatic (def. 2). ischiatic pertaining to the ischium. sci·at·ic (sī-at'ik), 1. Relating to or situated in the neighborhood of the ischium or hip. Ischial or sciatic.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「sciatic」「ischial」「ischial bone」
拡張検索	「ischiatic nerve」

「sciatic」

　　[★]

• 坐骨の

関

ischial、ischial bone、ischiatic、ischium

　 　 　

「ischial」

　　[★]

• 坐骨の

関

ischial bone、ischiatic、ischium、sciatic

「ischial bone」

　　[★]

坐骨

関

ischial、ischiatic、ischium、sciatic

「ischiatic nerve」

　　[★]

坐骨神経

関

sciatic nerve