sciatic

• 坐骨の

関

ischial、ischial bone、ischiatic、ischium

　 　 　

WordNet

1. relating to or caused by or afflicted with sciatica
2. of or relating to the ischium (or the part of the hipbone containing it); "sciatic nerve"
3. one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium (同)ischial_bone, os_ischii
4. neuralgia along the sciatic nerve

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 座骨の / 座骨神経[痛]の
2. 座骨
3. 座骨神経痛

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/01 03:58:21」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Nerve: Sciatic Nerve
Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and sciatic nerve
Latin	Nervus ischiadicus
Gray's	subject #213 960
Innervates	Lateral rotator group (except piriformis and quadratus femoris) and the posterior compartment of thigh
From	Lumbar and sacral plexus (L4-S3)
To	Tibial and common fibular nerve

The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiadic nerve and the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus.

Course

The nerve exits the sciatic notch and runs anterior (deep) to piriformis. It then lies posterior (superficial) to the short external rotators (superior gemellus, inferior gemellus and obturator internus). It then runs down the posterior leg where it breaks into its three main divisions at the level of the mid thigh. The terminal branches are the common peroneal and tibial nerve.

Branches

The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches.

• The articular branches (rami articulares) arise from the upper part of the nerve and supply the hip-joint, perforating the posterior part of its capsule; they are sometimes derived from the sacral plexus.

• The muscular branches (rami musculares) are distributed to the following muscles of the lower limb: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the hamstring portion of adductor magnus. The nerve to the short head of the biceps femoris comes from the common fibular part of the sciatic (see below), while the other muscular branches arise from the tibial portion, as may be seen in those cases where there is a high division of the sciatic nerve.

The muscular branch eventually gives off the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve, which innervates the muscles of the (lower) leg. The tibial nerve goes on to innervate all muscles of the foot except the extensor digitorum brevis and the extensor hallucis brevis (which are innervated by the deep fibular nerve).

Tibial and common peroneal nerve

Sensory supply

The sciatic nerve innervates the skin on the posterior aspect of the thigh and gluteal regions, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its medial aspect).

Pathology

Pain caused by a compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by a problem in the lower back is called sciatica. Common causes of sciatica include the following lower back and hip conditions: spinal disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and piriformis syndrome. Other acute causes of sciatica include coughing, muscular hypertension, and sneezing.

Sciatic nerve injury occurs between 0.5% and 2.0% of the time during total hip arthroplasty. Sciatic nerve palsy is a complication of total hip arthroplasty with an incidence of 0.2% to 2.8% of the time, or with an incidence of 1.7% to 7.6% following revision. Following the procedure, in rare cases, a screw, broken piece of trochanteric wire, fragment of methyl methacrylate bone cement, or Burch-Schneider metal cage can impinge on the nerve; this can cause sciatic nerve palsy which may resolve after the fragment is removed and the nerve freed. The nerve can be surrounded in oxidized regenerated cellulose to prevent further scarring. Sciatic nerve palsy can also result from severe spinal stenosis following the procedure, which can be addressed by spinal decompression surgery.

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy resulted in major nerve deficits in the sciatic or femoral nerves in 2.1% of 1760 patients, of whom approximately half experienced complete recovery within a mean of 5.5 months.

Sciatic nerve exploration can be done by endoscopy in a minimally invasive procedure to assess lesions of the nerve. Endoscopic treatment for sciatic nerve entrapment has been investigated in deep gluteal syndrome; "Patients were treated with sciatic nerve decompression by resection of fibrovascular scar bands, piriformis tendon release, obturator internus, or quadratus femoris or by hamstring tendon scarring."

Additional images

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Structures surrounding right hip-joint.

• Nerves of the right lower extremity. Posterior view.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Sciatic nerve.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

• Lumbar and sacral plexus. Deep dissection. Anterior view.

See also

• Gid hanasheh, Jewish Law related to the sciatic nerve
• Sciatica

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• Duke Orthopedics sciatic_nerve
• MedlinePlus Image 19503
• pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (pelvicnerves)
• glutealregion at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (glutealner)
• Sciatic Nerve - Cell Centered Database
• Sciatica and the Sciatic Nerve

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
• 2. 急性腰痛の治療 treatment of acute low back pain
• 3. 外傷性単神経障害 traumatic mononeuropathies
• 4. 末梢神経ブロック：手技 peripheral nerve block techniques
• 5. Evaluation of low back pain in adults

English Journal

• High-throughput screening of stem cell therapy for globoid cell leukodystrophy using automated neurophenotyping of twitcher mice.

• Scruggs BA, Bowles AC, Zhang X, Semon JA, Kyzar EJ, Myers L, Kalueff AV, Bunnell BA.SourceCenter for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
• Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2013 Jan 1;236(1):35-47. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.020. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
• Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that results from the deficiency of galactosylceramidase, a lysosomal enzyme involved in active myelination. Due to the progressive, lethal nature of this disease and the limited treatment options ava
• PMID 22951180

• Intra-axonal calcium changes after axotomy in wild-type and slow Wallerian degeneration axons.

• Adalbert R, Morreale G, Paizs M, Conforti L, Walker SA, Roderick HL, Bootman MD, Siklós L, Coleman MP.SourceThe Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: robert.adalbert@babraham.ac.uk.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2012 Dec 6;225:44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.056. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
• Calcium accumulation induces the breakdown of cytoskeleton and axonal fragmentation in the late stages of Wallerian degeneration. In the early stages there is no evidence for any long-lasting, extensive increase in intra-axonal calcium but there does appear to be some redistribution. We hypothesized
• PMID 22960623

• End-to-side neurorrhaphy using an electrospun PCL/collagen nerve conduit for complex peripheral motor nerve regeneration.

• Lee BK, Ju YM, Cho JG, Jackson JD, Lee SJ, Atala A, Yoo JJ.SourceWake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Beongwon-gil 89, Songpa-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Dec;33(35):9027-36. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
• In cases of complex neuromuscular defects, finding the proximal stump of a transected nerve in order to restore innervation to damaged muscle is often impossible. In this study we investigated whether a neighboring uninjured nerve could serve as a source of innervation of denervated damaged muscle t
• PMID 22998812

Japanese Journal

• 臨床経験 足関節または踵骨手術に対する持続坐骨神経ブロックと持続硬膜外麻酔の術後鎮痛効果

• 逢坂 佳宗,島田 奈穂,齋藤 理絵 [他]
• 麻酔 64(4), 388-391, 2015-04
• NAID 40020423450

• インスリン様成長因子-1(IGF-1)は実験的クロロキン誘発縁取り空胞ミオパチーの筋線維における空胞の過剰形成を抑制する

• 熊本 俊秀,中村 憲一郎,仲野 義和,河村 由子,麻生 泰弘,迫 祐介,木村 成志
• 九州看護福祉大学紀要 = The journal of Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare 15(1), 3-11, 2015-03
• … Methods: The left hind-legs of adult male Wistar rats were denervated by ligation of the sciatic nerve.The rats with and without chloroquine treatment were given saline or IGF-1 intraperitoneally at a daily dose of either 2 or 8 mg/kg for 8 days. …
• NAID 120005612335

• 解剖死体における坐骨神経分岐位置の検討

• 赤坂 直哉,笹川 智貴,小野寺 美子 [他]
• 麻酔 64(2), 205-207, 2015-02
• NAID 40020346428

• Contribution of hyperglycemia on diabetic complications in obese type 2 diabetic SDT fatty rats: effects of SGLT inhibitor phlorizin

• , , [他], , , , , , ,
• Experimental Animals 64(2), 161-169, 2015
• … Sciatic nerve conduction velocities were significantly delayed in SDT fatty rats compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. …
• NAID 130005069864

Related Links

• Sciatica: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of ... Sciatica occurs when there is pressure or damage to the sciatic nerve. This ...

• sciaticで始まる言葉 - goo辞書 英和和英

sciaticで始まる言葉の英和和英辞典の検索結果。sciatic,sciatic,sciatic,sciatic nerve,sciatic nerve block,sciatic plexus,sciatic scoliosis, scoliosis ischiadica,sciatic scoliosis, scoliosis ischiadica,sciatica,sciatica - 80万項目以上収録 ...

• Sciatica Pain - Verywell - Know More. Feel Better.

Sciatica Pain Sciatica is a term often used by non-medical people (as well as some licensed health care providers) to describe pain, tingling or numbness that goes down one leg. Contrary to what many people believe, sciatic does ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ischial」「ischiatic」「ischial bone」
拡張検索	「sciatica」

「ischial」

　　[★]

• 坐骨の

関

ischial bone、ischiatic、ischium、sciatic

「ischiatic」

　　[★]

• 坐骨の

関

ischial、ischial bone、ischium、sciatic

「ischial bone」

　　[★]

坐骨

関

ischial、ischiatic、ischium、sciatic

「sciatica」

　　[★]

同

坐骨神経痛