n.

相互作用、(統計)交互作用項、インターアクション

関: interact、interplay

WordNet

(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons (同)fundamental interaction
a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting
reciprocal action and reaction
act together or towards others or with others; "He should interact more with his colleagues"
(physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons (同)weak force
an interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…との)相互作用《+『between』(『with』)+『名』》
相互作用
(…と)相互に作用する,影響し合う《+『with』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/28 05:47:21」(JST)

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Two people talking

Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. A closely related term is interconnectivity, which deals with the interactions of interactions within systems: combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomena. Interaction has different tailored meanings in various sciences.^{[citation needed]} Changes can also involve interaction.

Casual examples of interaction outside of science include:^{[citation needed]}

Communication of any sort, for example two or more people talking to each other, or communication among groups, organizations, nations or states: trade, migration, foreign relations, transportation,
The feedback during the operation of machines such as a computer or tool, for example the interaction between a driver and the position of his or her car on the road: by steering the driver influences this position, by observation this information returns to the driver.

Biology and genetics

Geneticists work with a number of different genetic interaction modes to characterize how the combination of two mutations affect (or does not affect) the phenotype:^[1] noninteractive, synthetic, asynthetic, suppressive, epistatic, conditional, additive, single-nonmonotonic and double-nonmonotonic. Further characterizations is enhancement interaction and nonadditive interaction. Biosemioticists investigate sign-mediated interactions within and between organisms that underlie syntactic, pragmatic and semantic rules.

The word epistasis is also used for genetic interaction in some contexts.

Chemistry

Interactions between atoms and molecules:

Biochemistry

In molecular biology, the knowledge on gene/protein interaction among themselves and with their metabolites is referred to as molecular pathways.

Medicine and pharmacology

In medicine, most medications can be safely used with other medicines, but particular combinations of medicines need to be monitored for interactions, often by the pharmacist. Interactions between medications (drug interactions) fall generally into one of two main categories:

pharmacodynamic : Involving the actions of the two interacting drugs.
pharmacokinetic : Involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or both of the interacting drugs upon the other.

In terms of efficacy, there can be three types of interactions between medications: additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Additive interaction means the effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately. This is usually due to the two chemicals acting on the body via same or similar mechanism. Examples are aspirin and motrin, alcohol and depressant, tranquilizer and painkiller. Synergistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effect at the same doses. An example is pesticide and fertilizer; the biological effect is devastating. Antagonistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals is actually less than the sum of the effect of the two drugs taken independently of each other. This is because the second chemical increases the excretion of the first, or even directly blocks its toxic actions. Antagonism forms the basis for antidotes of poisonings.

Communications

Computers

Media art

In media, interactivity is a feature of the media in question and as digital technology becomes more accessible to the masses interest in interactivity is increasing and becoming a cultural trend especially in the arts.

Physics

In physics, a fundamental interaction or fundamental force is a process by which elementary particles interact with each other. An interaction is often described as a physical field, and is mediated by the exchange of gauge bosons between particles. For example, the interaction of charged particles takes place through the mediation of electromagnetic fields, whereas beta decay occurs by means of the weak interaction. An interaction is fundamental when it cannot be described in terms of other interactions. There are four known fundamental interactions in Nature: The electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravitational interactions. The weak and electromagnetic interactions are unified in electroweak theory, which is unified with the strong force in the standard model.

Sociology

In sociology, social interaction is a dynamic, changing sequence of social actions between individuals (or groups) who modify their actions and reactions due to the actions by their interaction partner(s). Social interactions can be differentiated into accidental, repeated, regular, and regulated. Social interactions form the basis of social relations.

Statistics

In statistics, an interaction is a term in a statistical model in which the effect of two, or more, variables is not simply additive.

An example from statistics applied to health science

If we were examining the effect of two variables, gender and premature birth, on health outcomes, we would describe any difference in health outcome scores between genders as a main effect. Similarly any difference in scores of full term/premature birth would be described as a main effect. The presence of an interaction effect implies that the effect of gender on health outcome varies as a function of premature birth status.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interaction.

^ Becky L. Drees, Vesteinn Thorsson, Gregory W. Carter, Alexander W. Rives, Marisa Z. Raymond, Iliana Avila-Campillo, Paul Shannon & Timothy Galitski (2005). "Derivation of genetic interaction networks from quantitative phenotype data". Genome Biology 6 (4): R38. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-4-r38. PMC 1088966. PMID 15833125.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Granzyme B: a new crossroad of complement and apoptosis.

Perl M, Denk S, Kalbitz M, Huber-Lang M.SourceDepartment of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany, mario.perl@uniklinik-ulm.de.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2012;946:135-46.
In response to severe tissue trauma, several "molecular danger" sensing and signaling pathways are activated, especially the complement and the apoptosis cascade. Although possible crossroads between both systems have been proposed, little is known about the underlying molecular interactions. In thi
PMID 21948366

Interaction of the microbiome with the innate immune response in chronic wounds.

Grice EA, Segre JA.SourceEpithelial Biology Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, 20892-4442, Bethesda, MD, USA, gricee@mail.nih.gov.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2012;946:55-68.
Microbes colonizing and/or infecting chronic wounds undoubtedly play a major and interactive role in impaired healing, especially in amplifying and perpetuating the host innate immune response. The development of molecular techniques to identify and quantify microbial organisms has revolutionized ou
PMID 21948362

Bridging Innate NK Cell Functions with Adaptive Immunity.

Marcenaro E, Carlomagno S, Pesce S, Moretta A, Sivori S.Source, .
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2012;780:45-55.
Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are major human NK receptors displaying either inhibitory or activating functions which recognize allotypic determinants of HLA-class I molecules. Surprisingly, NK cell treatment with CpG-ODN (TLR9 ligands) results in selective down-modulation of KIR3DL2, its co-inter
PMID 21842364

Japanese Journal

Numerical Analysis of the Microwave Heating of Compacted Copper Powders in Single-Mode Cavity

Maxim Ignatenko,Tanaka Motohiko
Jpn J Appl Phys 50(9), 097302-097302-7, 2011-09-25
… In addition, it studies general trends in the interaction of microwaves with powders of different sizes and densities. …
NAID 150000057927

High-Order Harmonic Generation and Attosecond Science

Midorikawa Katsumi
Jpn J Appl Phys 50(9), 090001-090001-12, 2011-09-25
… Because HHG is based on tunneling ionization followed by radiative recombination during a single optical cycle of the fundamental excitation pulse, it can manifest itself as a variety of interesting phenomena caused by the interaction of light waves with electrons on the attosecond time scale. …
NAID 150000057868

Interactions between Interface Traps in Electron Capture/Emission Processes: Deviation from Charge Pumping Current Based on the Shockley--Read--Hall Theory

Tsuchiya Toshiaki
Applied Physics Express 4(9), 094104-094104-3, 2011-09-25
… From detailed experimental results, we concluded that the phenomenon is due to the interaction between individual traps in the capture/emission processes. …
NAID 150000057488

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「interplay」「相互作用」「交互作用項」「interact」「インタラクション」
拡張検索	「cell interaction」「cell-to-cell interaction」「host-parasite interaction」「interactional」「protein-protein interaction」