WordNet

the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes (同)anvil
a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering
United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967) (同)Gregory Pincus, Gregory Goodwin Pincus
a small stiff cushion into which pins are stuck ready for use
type genus of Scincidae (同)genus Scincus

PrepTutorEJDIC

(かじ屋が使う)金敷き,金床 / (耳の)きぬた骨
針差し,針山

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/11 03:11:52」(JST)

wiki en

The incus /ˈɪŋkəs/ is a bone in the middle ear. The anvil-shaped small bone is one of three ossicles in the middle ear. The incus receives vibrations from the malleus, to which it is connected laterally, and transmits these to the stapes, medially. The incus is so-called because of its resemblance to an anvil (Latin: Incus).

Structure

The incus is the second of the ossicles, three bones in the middle ear which act to transmit sound. It is shaped like an anvil, and has a long limb and a short limb that protrude from the point of articulation with the malleus.^[2]^:862

Function

Vibrations in the middle ear are received via the tympanic membrane. The malleus, resting on the membrane, conveys vibrations to the incus. This in turn conveys vibrations to the stapes.^[2]^:862

History

Incus means "anvil" in Latin. It was first described by Alessandro Achillini of Bologna. The final part of the long limb, was once described as a "fourth ossicle" by Pieter Paaw in 1615.^[3]

Additional images

Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.
External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.
Ossicles
Tympanic cavity. Facial canal. Internal carotid artery.
Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection.
Aditory ossicles.Incus and malleus.Deep dissection.

References

^ hednk-023—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
^ ^a ^b Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ Graboyes, Evan M.; Chole, Richard A.; Hullar, Timothy E. (September 2011). "The Ossicle of Paaw". Otology & Neurotology 32 (7): 1185–1188. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31822a28df.

External links

The Anatomy Wiz Incus

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における真珠腫 cholesteatoma in children
2. 成人における慢性中耳炎、真珠腫、および乳様突起炎 chronic otitis media cholesteatoma and mastoiditis in adults
3. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults
4. 小児における聴覚障害：病因 hearing impairment in children etiology
5. 耳の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the ear

English Journal

Stapes Vibration in the Chinchilla Middle Ear: Relation to Behavioral and Auditory-Nerve Thresholds.

Robles L1, Temchin AN, Fan YH, Ruggero MA.
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO.J Assoc Res Otolaryngol.2015 Aug;16(4):447-57. doi: 10.1007/s10162-015-0524-x. Epub 2015 Jun 12.
The vibratory responses to tones of the stapes and incus were measured in the middle ears of deeply anesthetized chinchillas using a wide-band acoustic-stimulus system and a laser velocimeter coupled to a microscope. With the laser beam at an angle of about 40 ° relative to the axis of stapes pisto
PMID 26068200

The feasibility of endoscopic transcanal approach for insertion of various cochlear electrodes: a pilot study.

Migirov L1, Shapira Y, Wolf M.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Jul;272(7):1637-41. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-2995-5. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
To determine the feasibility of inserting various types of electrode arrays using an endoscopic transcanal approach into the cochlea via the round window membrane (RWM). All the procedures were performed by the first author and started with a cortical mastoidectomy. A six o'clock vertical incision w
PMID 24619204

Ossiculoplasty with hydroxyapatite bone cement: our reconstruction philosophy.

Gérard JM1, De Bie G, Franceschi D, Deggouj N, Gersdorff M.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Jul;272(7):1629-35. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-2975-9. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
The main objective of this study is to analyze results obtained with hydroxyapatite bone cement (HABC) ossiculoplasties. This is a retrospective study of a case series. This study was conducted in an academic hospital and tertiary referral center. A total of 127 ossiculoplasties using HABC were eval
PMID 24615652

Japanese Journal

中耳奇形症例の3次元CTによる耳小骨の表示:―手術時所見と手術前後の画像の比較―

佐々木優子,川邉文代,瀬戸由記子 [他],小林真由美,松島康二,八十島唯幸,枝松秀雄
耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 143(0), 60-64, 2015
… His anomaly was observed intraoperatively, comprising the dehiscence of the incus long processes and stapedial head, and dislocation of the anterior crus. …
NAID 130005084992

伝音性難聴が残存したランゲルハンス細胞組織球症の 1 例

江原幸茂,鈴木雅明,中村こずえ,笹島ゆう子,村松さやか,武茂高至,安井拓也,伊藤健
小児耳鼻咽喉科 36(1), 45-51, 2015
ランゲルハンス組織球症（langerhans cell histiocytosis; LCH）は，小児に好発する稀な全身性疾患であり診断に苦慮することが多い。今回我々は，耳鼻科受診に至る 1 年間にわたり確定診断を得ることができなかったが，外耳道病変の生検が LCH 診断の決め手となった側頭骨，皮膚，瞼結膜，および肺に病変を認めた 2 歳女児の多臓器型 LCH 例を経験した。日本 LCH 研究 …
NAID 130005078714

J2320101 ヒト生体における耳小骨振動の計測([J232]ヒューマン・ダイナミクス)

有井士郎,長谷川賢作,國本泰臣,片岡英幸,矢間敬章,久家純子,北野博也
年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2014, "J2320101-1"-"J2320101-5", 2014-09-07
… Malleus and Incus vibrated with rotational motion as one body, and malleus and stapes vibrated out of phase. …
NAID 110009944139

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「キヌタ骨」「anvil」「きぬた骨」

「キヌタ骨」

Incus
	Malleus Tensor Tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane; (Ear Drum) Eustachian Tube Tympanic cavity Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
	Left incus. A. From within. B. From the front.
	Auditory tube, laid open by a cut in its long axis.
Details
Latin	Incus
Precursor	1st branchial arch
Articulations	Incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joint
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1044
MeSH	A09.246.397.247.362
TA	A15.3.02.038
FMA	52752
	Anatomical terms of bone

　　[★]

英: anvil
ラ: incus (KH)
同: 砧骨
関: 中耳、内耳

カテゴリ

耳小骨＞:耳小骨

「anvil」

　　[★]

キヌタ骨、きぬた骨

関: incus

「きぬた骨」

　　[★]

ラ: incus、anvil
関: キヌタ骨

[1] hednk-023—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina

[GRAYS2005-2] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.

[3] Graboyes, Evan M.; Chole, Richard A.; Hullar, Timothy E. (September 2011). "The Ossicle of Paaw". Otology & Neurotology 32 (7): 1185–1188. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31822a28df.

匿名

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案内

案内

incus