adj.

免疫抑制性の、免疫抑制の

関: immunodepression、immunosuppression、immunosuppressive

WordNet

of persons whose immune response is inadequate
lowering the bodys normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
of or relating to a substance that lowers the bodys normal immune response and induces immunosuppression

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拒否反応抑制の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/07 21:14:28」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Immunosuppression involves an act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immuno-suppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant, treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using drugs, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapharesis, or radiation.

A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for other reasons (for example, chemotherapy, HIV, and Lupus), is said to be immunocompromised.

Deliberately induced[edit]

Further information: Immunosuppressive drug

Administration of immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressants is the main method of deliberately induced immunosuppression. In optimal circumstances, immunosuppressive drugs are targeted only at any hyperactive component of the immune system, and in ideal circumstances would not cause any significant immunodeficiency. However, in essence, all immunosuppressive drugs have the potential to cause immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency may manifest as increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and decreased cancer immunosurveillance. The term immunotoxin is also sometimes used (incorrectly) to label undesirable immunosuppressants, such as various pollutants. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the insecticide DDT are immunosuppressants.^{[citation needed]} Immunosuppressants may be prescribed when a normal immune response is undesirable, such as in autoimmune diseases.

Cortisone was the first immunosuppressant identified, but its wide range of side-effects limited its use. The more specific azathioprine was identified in 1959, but it was the discovery of cyclosporine in 1970 that allowed for significant expansion of kidney transplantation to less well-matched donor-recipient pairs as well as broad application of liver transplantation, lung transplantation, pancreas transplantation, and heart transplantation. After an organ transplantation, the body will nearly always reject the new organ(s) due to differences in human leukocyte antigen haplotypes between the donor and recipient. As a result, the immune system detects the new tissue as "hostile", and attempts to remove it by attacking it with recipient leukocytes, resulting in the death of the tissue. Immunosuppressants are applied as a countermeasure; the side-effect is that the body becomes more vulnerable to infections and malignancy, much like in an advanced HIV infection.

Throughout its history, radiation therapy has been used to decrease the strength of the immune system. Dr. Joseph Murray of Harvard Medical School and chief plastic surgeon at Children's Hospital Boston from 1972-1985 were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for his work on immunosuppression.

Non-deliberate immunosuppression[edit]

Further information: Immunodeficiency

Non-deliberate immunosuppression can occur in, for example, malnutrition, aging, many types of cancer (such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), and certain chronic infections such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV).^[1] The unwanted effect in non-deliberate immunosuppression is immunodeficiency that results in increased susceptibility to pathogens such as bacteria and virus.

Immunodeficiency is also a potential adverse effects of many immunosuppressant drugs. In this sense, the scope of the term immunosuppression in general includes both beneficial and potential adverse effects of decreasing the function of the immune system, whereas the term immunodeficiency in general refers solely to the adverse effect of increased risk for infection.

References[edit]

^ Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 3rd Ed. 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 移植片対宿主病の予防および治療に使用される免疫抑制剤の概要 overview of immunosuppressive agents used for prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease
2. リウマチ性疾患における免疫抑制剤および疾患修飾剤の使用の概要 overview of the use of immunosuppressive and disease modifying drugs in the rheumatic diseases
3. 成人の腎移植における免疫抑制維持療法 maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation in adults
4. 成人の腎移植における免疫抑制誘導療法 induction immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation in adults
5. 周産期心筋症：治療および予後 peripartum cardiomyopathy treatment and prognosis

English Journal

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae bacteremic skin and soft tissue infections.

Maraki S1, Christidou A1, Anastasaki M2, Scoulica E3.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2016 Mar;48(3):171-6. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1104720. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
BACKGROUND: Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae can cause sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal invasive infections, following exposure to contaminated seawater or freshwater or after consumption of raw seafood. Bacteremic infections with skin and soft tissue manifestations are uncommo
PMID 26503346

Sigmoid Colectomy for Acute Diverticulitis in Immunosuppressed vs Immunocompetent Patients: Outcomes From the ACS-NSQIP Database.

Al-Khamis A1, Abou Khalil J, Demian M, Morin N, Vasilevsky CA, Gordon PH, Boutros M.
Diseases of the colon and rectum.Dis Colon Rectum.2016 Feb;59(2):101-9. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000513.
BACKGROUND: The management of acute diverticulitis in immunosuppressed patients is increasingly debated. The appropriate timing and type of operation remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: This study examines the impact of immunosuppression on mortality and morbidity following colectomies for diverticulit
PMID 26734967

The role of human metapneumovirus in the critically ill adult patient.

Hasvold J1, Sjoding M2, Pohl K3, Cooke C4, Hyzy RC2.
Journal of critical care.J Crit Care.2016 Feb;31(1):233-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.035. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to describe the role of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in critical illness and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected clinical and demographic information from a retrospective chart review, comparing patients with a
PMID 26572580

Japanese Journal

Immunoreactivity and morphological changes of bursal follicles in chickens infected with vaccine or wild-type strains of the infectious bursal disease virus

, , , , , , ,
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… We also found non-immunosuppressed chickens in the wild-type group. … These non-immunosuppressed chickens retained a significantly higher number of normal follicles and total follicles according to our statistical analysis. …
NAID 130005061023

Dialister pneumosintes Bacteremia Caused by Dental Caries and Sinusitis

, , , , , , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 54(6), 663-667, 2015
… History taking with respect to dental hygiene and oral examinations should be performed in daily clinical practice, especially in immunosuppressed patients. …
NAID 130004903082

Voriconazole-responsive Disseminated Nodular Lesions on Spinal MRI

, , , , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 54(2), 215-218, 2015
… She was in an immunosuppressed state following the administration of methylprednisolone therapy for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. …
NAID 130004903008

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「immunosuppressive」「免疫抑制」「免疫抑制性」「immunodepression」

「immunosuppressive」

Immunosuppression
	Intervention
	; Micrograph showing an opportunistic infection due to immunosuppression - large (blue) cell below-center-left infected with a polyomavirus. Urine cytology specimen.
MeSH	D007165

　　[★]

adj.

免疫抑制の、免疫抑制的な、免疫抑制性の

n.

免疫抑制薬、免疫抑制剤

関: immunodepression、immunosuppressant、immunosuppressed、immunosuppression、immunosuppressive agent、immunosuppressive drug

「免疫抑制」

　　[★]

英: immunosuppression、immunodepression、immunosuppressive、immunosuppressed
関: 免疫抑制薬、免疫抑制性、免疫抑制剤、抗拒絶反応療法、免疫抑制的

「免疫抑制性」

　　[★]

英: immunosuppressive、immunosuppressed
関: 免疫抑制、免疫抑制薬、免疫抑制剤、免疫抑制的

「immunodepression」

　　[★]

免疫抑制

関: immunosuppressed、immunosuppression、immunosuppressive

[BasicImmunology-1] Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 3rd Ed. 2011.

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immunosuppressed