WordNet

resembling glass in transparency or translucency; "the morning is as clear as diamond or as hyaline"-Sacheverell Sitwell (同)hyaloid
a glassy translucent substance that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions (同)hyalin
tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults (同)gristle

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軟骨[組織]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/11 18:38:56」(JST)

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Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and considerable collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.

Description [edit]

Hyaline cartilage is covered externally by a fibrous membrane, called the perichondrium, except at the articular ends of bones and also where it is found directly under the skin, i.e. ears and nose. This membrane contains vessels that provide the cartilage with nutrition.

If a thin slice is examined under the microscope, it will be found to consist of cells of a rounded or bluntly angular form, lying in groups of two or more in a granular or almost homogeneous matrix.

The cells, when arranged in groups of two or more, have generally straight outlines where they are in contact with each other, and in the rest of their circumference are rounded.

They consist of clear translucent protoplasm in which fine interlacing filaments and minute granules are sometimes present; embedded in this are one or two round nuclei, having the usual intranuclear network.

The cells are contained in cavities in the matrix, called cartilage lacunae; these are actually artificial gaps formed by the shrinking of the cells during the staining and setting of the tissue for observation. The interterritorial space between the isogenous cell groups contains relatively more collagen fibers, causing it to maintain its shape while the actual cells shrink, creating the lacunae.

This constitutes the so-called capsule of the space.

Each lacuna is generally occupied by a single cell, but during the division of the cells it may contain two, four, or eight cells. (see isogenous group)

Hyaline cartilage also contains chondrocytes which are cartilage cells that produce the matrix. Hyaline cartilage matrix is mostly made up of type II collagen and Chondroitin sulfate, both of which are also found in elastic cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage exists on the ventral ends of ribs; in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi; and on the articular surface of bones.

Articular cartilage [edit]

Articular cartilage refers to hyaline cartilage on the articular[1] surfaces of bones.^[1]

Though it is often found in close contact with menisci and articular disks, articular cartilage is not considered a part of either of these structures, which are made entirely of fibrocartilage.

Images [edit]

Articular cartilage of the elbow joint as seen in dissection
|A synovial joint with bone, articular cartilage, and articular disc shown.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view..
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
Elbow joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.

External links [edit]

Hyaline+cartilage at eMedicine Dictionary
UIUC Histology Subject 331
BU Histology Learning System: 03301lba

References [edit]

^ http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/articular_cartilage

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Simultaneous regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone induced by spatially presented TGF-beta and BMP-4 in a bilayer affinity binding system.

Re'em T, Witte F, Willbold E, Ruvinov E, Cohen S.SourceThe Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2012 Sep;8(9):3283-93. Epub 2012 May 19.
Subchondral defect repair is a multitask challenge requiring the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and bone. Herein, we describe the features of a hydrogel system designed to simultaneously induce the endogenous regeneration of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. The system was constructed
PMID 22617742

T1rho MRI of menisci and cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis at 3T.

Wang L, Chang G, Xu J, Vieira RL, Krasnokutsky S, Abramson S, Regatte RR.SourceQuantitative Multinuclear Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (QMMIG), Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
European journal of radiology.Eur J Radiol.2012 Sep;81(9):2329-36. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare subregional and whole T1rho values (median±interquartile range) of femorotibial cartilage and menisci in patients with doubtful (Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 1) to severe (KL4) osteoarthritis (OA) at 3T.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 subjects with varying degrees of OA (
PMID 21908122

Japanese Journal

A-6 間葉系幹細胞の硝子/線維軟骨への分化に及ぼす細胞成長因子及びコラーゲンの影響(細胞2,一般講演(口頭発表),第65回日本歯科理工学会学術講演会)

杉野浩孝,金輪真佐美,谷本幸太郎,加藤功一
日本歯科理工学会誌 34(2), 62, 2015-03-25
… The aim of this study is to examine the effect of growth factors and collagens on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) into hyaline and fibrous cartilage. … It was found that TGF-β3 and BMP-2 were more effective for fibrocartilage differentiation and that TGF-β3 and IGF-1 with type2 collagen were more effective for hyaline cartilage differentiation. …
NAID 110009923854

Hyaline cartilage formation and tumorigenesis of implanted tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

SAITO Taku,YANO Fumiko,MORI Daisuke,KAWATA Manabu,HOSHI Kazuto,TAKATO Tsuyoshi,MASAKI Hideki,OTSU Makoto,ETO Koji,NAKAUCHI Hiromitsu,CHUNG Ung-il,TANAKA Sakae
Biomedical Research 36(3), 179-186, 2015
… Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage regenerative medicine. … The differentiated hiPSCs formed hyaline cartilage tissues at 8 weeks after transplantation into the articular cartilage of NOD/SCID mouse knee joints. … In conclusion, hiPSCs are a potent cell source for regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage. …
NAID 130005083858

第144回東邦医学会例会特別講演：関節軟骨再生医療の現状と将来展望

中川晃一
東邦医学会雑誌 61(5), 232-237, 2014-09
… ES細胞），induced pluripotent stem cell（iPS細胞）などの幹細胞を利用する，さまざまな改良法が考案されている．本稿では，こうした軟骨再生医療の発展について解説するとともに，当科で研究開発中の絹フィブロインを用いた軟骨再生法につき紹介する．Because hyaline cartilage has a poor intrinsic capability for self‐repair, there is no established method to repair a large full‐thickness defect in articular cartilage. …
NAID 120005511505

Related Pictures

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue - YouTube hyaline cartilage.mp4 - YouTube Shotgun Histology Hyaline Cartilage - YouTube Connective Tissue – Pro-velopment Medical Pictures Info – Hyaline Cartilage File:Hyaline cartilage.jpg - Wikimedia Commons