WordNet

involving half the standard or customary time for an activity; "he had two years of half-time training"
for less than the standard number of hours; "he works part-time" (同)part-time
set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didnt have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
a suitable moment; "it is time to go"
adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
regulate or set the time of; "time the clock"
the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" (同)clip
a persons experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
partially or to the extent of a half; "he was half hidden by the bushes"
one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided: the two divisions are separated by an interval
(of siblings) related through one parent only; "a half brother"; "half sister"
consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity; "a half chicken"; "lasted a half hour"
partial; "gave me a half smile"; "he did only a half job"
shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii (同)Cordyline terminalis
the syllable naming the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization (同)te, si
the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)
the time when something happens

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉《冠詞をつけずに》(空間に対しての)『時間』,時 / 〈U〉(時計で示される)『時刻』 / 〈U〉(ある方式で決められる)『時間』,標準時 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の)『時』,おり,ころ / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある長さの)『時間』,期間 / 〈U〉(要する)『時間』;暇 / 《しばしば複数形で》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 《複数形で》時勢,景気 / 《one's ~》(個人の)一生;若いころ;生涯の特定の時期 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある経験をした)『時間』 / 〈C〉『…回』,度 / 〈C〉『…倍』 / …の時間を定める / (…に)…の調子を合わせる《+名+to+名》 / …の時間を計る
〈C〉〈U〉『半分』,2分の1;約半分 / 〈U〉《時刻を表す数詞と共に用いて》『半』,30分 / 〈C〉《おもに英》(2学期制の学校での)前(後)期 / 〈C〉(競技などの)前(後)半;(野球で1イニングの)表(裏) / 〈C〉=halfback / 『半分の』 / 不十分な,中途はんぱな / 『半ば』,半分[だけ] / 半時間だけ,30分だけ / 不完全に / かなり,ほとんど
シ(全音階の第7音)
時間の調節;時間を測定[記録]すること
おや,はああ,ああ(驚き・喜び・疑い・ためらいなどを表す声)
hectare; hectares

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/24 22:37:16」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Half time.

In some team sports such as association football and rugby, matches are played in two halves. Half-time (also written halftime or half time) is the name given to the interval between the two halves of the match. Typically, after half-time teams swap ends of the field of play, in order to reduce any advantage that may be gained from wind or a slope to the pitch, for example.

While it exists mainly to allow competitors to rest briefly and recover from the play of the first half, half-time also serves a number of other purposes. It also serves as an intermission for spectators, which often feature entertainment, such as cheerleading performances, tifos, performances by school marching bands (particularly in collegiate sports in North America), or concerts featuring popular music acts (particularly in major events, such as the Super Bowl). On games that are broadcast on television and radio, it also provides broadcasters with an opportunity to give a recap of the first half of the game, air highlights of other games in progress, air commercials and other advertisements, provide analysis on the game, or air game-related festivities (such as an aforementioned half-time performance).

History

The origin of changing ends at half-time lies in the early English public school football games. One early use of a fixed half-time, and it is suggested the origin of the practice, was to allow for two football teams each used to a different set of rules to play half of the game by familiar rules, and half by the opposition rules. This was practised notably between followers of Eton rules football (closer to modern association football) and Rugby rules football (closer to modern rugby Rugby union). This use of half-time was unnecessary after the standardisation of football rules in 1863 (see Laws of the Game). Changing ends at half time (if no goals had been scored) was part of the following schools codes: Brighton, Eton, Rossall, Sheffield, Winchester. Other schools changed every time that side scored (Cheltenham, FA, Harrow, Marlborough, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Uppingham schools)^[1] The 1863 Cambridge Rules state that "In a match when half the time agreed upon has elapsed, the side shall change goals when the ball is next out of play".

Overview

One benefit of half-time in a field game is to allow teams to swap their positions on the field in order that the effects of the natural conditions such as sunlight and wind direction are experienced fairly by both teams. In some sports this is achieved without the need for half-time, for example in cricket, fielding positions of players are rotated after a set passage of play. In other sports no such provision is necessary, for example in baseball, where playing positions do not change though there is frequent rotation of players in the ordinary course of play.

Half-time for spectators offers the opportunity to visit the toilet, get some food or drink, or just exercise cramped limbs, without the fear of missing any of the action. A half-time show may be put on for the spectators to keep their attention, most famously in the case of the American football Super Bowl. As many spectators at the ground may be otherwise occupied using stadium facilities it might be inferred that the scale and spectacle of half-time entertainment is more directly related to the size of the potential television audience.

In many sports that are televised, half-time offers the opportunity to advertise, a valuable source of revenue for television companies. In addition, it allows analysis of the game so far by pundits; controversial incidents or exceptional play may be highlighted at this time. It also allows viewers to catch up with any action that they may have missed. Half-time has spawned one of the most enduring clichés to describe football: that "it's a game of two halves."^[2]

List of team sports

With half-time

Sport	Length of half-time	Length of a half
American football	12 (professional) or 20 (college) minutes^[3]	2 15 minutes quarters. Each half is 30 minutes.
Association football	15 minutes	45 minutes
Australian rules football	20 minutes	Two periods (quarters) of 20 minutes plus time on each
Basketball	15 minutes	Two periods (quarters) of 10 (FIBA, WNBA) or 12 minutes each (NBA) or one period (half) of 20 minutes each (U.S. college basketball)
Canoe Polo	1–3 minutes	7–10 minutes
Field hockey	5 minutes	35 minutes
Gaelic football	12 minutes	30 or 35 minutes
Lacrosse	12 minutes in NLL only	Two periods (quarters) of 15 minutes each in NLL
Netball	5 minutes	2 periods (quarters) of 15 minutes each
Rugby league	10 minutes	40 minutes
Rugby union	10 minutes	40 minutes
Rugby sevens (union)	1 minute (2 minutes in competition finals)	7 minutes (10 minutes in competition finals)
Team handball	10 minutes	30 minutes

With intervals other than half-time

Ice hockey
Water polo
Cricket
Box lacrosse

No half-time or equivalent

(other than to allow movement of players in the natural course of play and/or TV commercials)

Baseball (although there is a seventh-inning stretch)
Softball

References

^ Football, The First Hundred Years: The Untold Story. Adrian Harvey. Routledge, Abingdon, 2005 p. 184
^ It's a Game of Two Halves Independent, 16 December 2007, accessed 19 September 2009
^ College football gets uniform instant replay system USA Today, 5 May 2006

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