塩酸グアニジウム、塩化グアニジウム
- 関
- guanidine、guanidine hydrochloride、guanidinium
WordNet
- any compound containing a chlorine atom
- any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 塩化物
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/07 13:55:44」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Guanidinium chloride
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| Names |
| IUPAC name
Carbamimidoylazanium chloride
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| Other names
Guanidine hydrochloride
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| Identifiers |
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CAS Number
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50-01-1 Y |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:32735 Y |
| ChemSpider |
5540 Y |
InChI
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InChI=1S/CH5N3.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H5,2,3,4);1H Y
Key: PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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InChI=1/CH5N3.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H5,2,3,4);1H
Key: PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYAG
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| Jmol interactive 3D |
Image |
| PubChem |
10855382 |
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| UNII |
3YQC9ZY4YB Y |
| Properties |
|
Chemical formula
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CH6ClN3 |
| Molar mass |
95.53 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance |
orthorhombic bipyramidal crystals |
| Density |
1.354 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Melting point |
182.3 °C (360.1 °F; 455.4 K) |
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Solubility in water
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very soluble in water and ethanol[1] |
| Hazards |
| Safety data sheet |
External MSDS |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Y verify (what is YN ?) |
| Infobox references |
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Guanidinium chloride or guanidine hydrochloride, usually abbreviated GdmCl and sometimes GndCl or GuHCl, is the hydrochloride salt of guanidine.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Use in protein denaturation
- 3 Historical survey
- 4 Medical Uses
- 5 References
Structure
Guanidinium chloride crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca. The crystal structure consists of a network of guanidinium cations and chloride anions linked by N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds.[2]
Use in protein denaturation
Guanidinium chloride is a strong chaotrope and one of the strongest denaturants used in physiochemical studies of protein folding. At high concentrations of guanidinium chloride (e.g., 6 M), proteins lose their ordered structure, and they tend to become randomly coiled, i.e. they do not contain any residual structure. However, at concentrations in the millimolar range in vivo, guanidinium chloride has been shown to "cure" prion positive cells (i.e. cells exhibiting a prion positive phenotype revert to a prion negative phenotype). This is the result of inhibition of the Hsp104 chaperone protein known to play an important role in prion fiber fragmentation and propagation.[3][4][5]
Historical survey
Petrunkin and Petrunkin (1927, 1928) appear to be the first who studied the binding of GndCl to gelatin and a mixture of thermally denatured protein from brain extract. Greenstein (1938, 1939), however, appears to be the first to discover the high denaturing action of guanidinium halides and thiocyanates in following the liberation of sulfhydryl groups in ovalbumin and few other proteins as a function of salt concentration.[6]
Medical Uses
Guanidine hydrochloride is indicated for the reduction of the symptoms of muscle weakness and easy fatigability associated with Eaton-Lambert syndrome. It is not indicated for treating myasthenia gravis. It apparently acts by enhancing the release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse. It also appears to slow the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes. Initial dosage is usually between 10 and 15 mg/kg (5 to 7 mg/pound) of body weight per day in 3 or 4 divided doses. This dosage may be gradually increased to a total daily dosage of 35 mg/kg (16 mg/pound) of body weight per day or up to the development of side effects. Side effects include increased peristalsis and diarrhea. Fatal bone-marrow suppression, apparently dose related, can occur with guanidine.
References
- ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 3–296. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
- ^ Haas, D. J.; Harris, D. R.; Mills, H. H. (1965). "The crystal structure of guanidinium chloride". Acta Crystallogr. 19: 676–679. doi:10.1107/S0365110X65004085.
- ^ Ferreira PC, Ness F, Edwards SR, Cox BS, Tuite MF (2001) The elimination of the yeast [PSI+] prion by guanidine hydrochloride is the result of Hsp104 inactivation. Mol Microbiol 40 (6):1357-1369.
- ^ Ness F, Ferreira P, Cox BS, Tuite MF (2002) Guanidine hydrochloride inhibits the generation of prion "seeds" but not prion protein aggregation in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 22 (15):5593-5605.
- ^ Eaglestone SS, Ruddock LW, Cox BS, Tuite MF (2000) Guanidine hydrochloride blocks a critical step in the propagation of the prion-like determinant [PSI(+)] of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 (1):240-244.
- ^ Lapange, Savo (1978). Physicochemical aspects of protein denaturation. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-03409-6.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Study on structural, morphological, optical and thermal properties of guanidine carbonate doped nickel sulfate hexahydrate crystal.
- Silambarasan A1, Rajesh P2, Ramasamy P1.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 5;134:345-9. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.096. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
- The single crystal of guanidine carbonate doped nickel sulfate hexahydrate was grown from solution for ultraviolet filters. The single crystal XRD confirms that the grown single crystal belongs to the tetragonal system with the space group of P4₁2₁2. The crystallinity of the grown crystal was es
- PMID 25022507
- Stability and activity of porcine lipase against temperature and chemical denaturants.
- Chaitanya PK1, Prabhu NP.
- Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.Appl Biochem Biotechnol.2014 Dec;174(8):2711-24. doi: 10.1007/s12010-014-1220-8. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
- Lipases are the class of hydrolases with wide industrial applications. The present study analyses the stability of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) against urea, guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and temperature using different spectroscopic techniques. Interestingly, this
- PMID 25224914
- Bioreducible guanidinylated polyethylenimine for efficient gene delivery.
- Lee D1, Lee YM, Jeong C, Lee J, Kim WJ.
- ChemMedChem.ChemMedChem.2014 Dec;9(12):2718-24. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201402293. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
- Cationic polymers are known to afford efficient gene transfection. However, cytotoxicity remains a problem at the molecular weight for optimal DNA delivery. As such, optimized polymeric gene delivery systems are still a sought-after research goal. A guanidinylated bioreducible branched polyethylenim
- PMID 25287668
Japanese Journal
- Guanidinium chloride- and urea-induced unfolding of the dimeric enzyme glucose oxidase
- 表面プラズモン共鳴現象を利用した固相上タンパク質の表面疎水性の評価
- Media Selection for Refolding of Thermolysin by Use of Immobilized Preparation
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 89(2), 188-192, 2000-02-25
- NAID 110002684518
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- 英
- guanidinium chloride
- 関
- グアニジン、塩酸グアニジン、塩酸グアニジウム
[★]
塩酸グアニジン
- 関
- guanidine、guanidinium、guanidinium chloride
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- 英
- guanidinium chloride
- 関
- 塩化グアニジウム
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グアニジウム、(イオン化した)アニジン
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- guanidine、guanidine hydrochloride、guanidinium chloride、guanidium
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