WordNet

of or relating to the gonads; "gonadal hormones"
a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced (同)sex gland

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性腺(せん),生殖腺

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/12 21:15:08」(JST)

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"Gonad" redirects here. For gonads of non-human organisms, see Sex organ.

For the cartoon character, see Buster Gonad.

The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. The gonads in males are the testes, and the gonads in females are the ovaries. The product, gametes, are haploid germ cells.^[1] For example, spermatozoon and egg cells are gametes.

Regulation[edit source | edit]

The gonads are controlled hormonally by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.^[2] This secretion in turn is controlled by the hypothalamus' gonadotropin-releasing hormone.^[3]

Development[edit source | edit]

Main article: Development of the gonads

Gonads start developing as a common anlage (an organ in the earliest stage of development), in the form of gonadal ridges,^[4] and only later are differentiated to male or female sex organs. The presence of the SRY gene,^[5] located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines male sexual differentiation. In the absence of the SRY gene from the Y chromosome, the female sex (ovaries instead of testis) will develop. The development of gonads is a part of the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

References[edit source | edit]

^ "What is the relationship between gonad and gamete?". Answers.com (in English). Answers Corporation. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ "gonadotropin". The Free Dictionary (in English). Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Elsevier. 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ John W. Kimball (12). "Hormones of the Hypothalamus: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)". Kimball's Biology Pages. John W. Kimball (The Saylor Foundation). Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ Satoh M.; Anat J. (August 1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos." (Abstract). PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine) (in English). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ "Human Developmental Genetics". Institut Pasteur (in English). Institut Pasteur. Retrieved 4 June 2012.

UpToDate Contents

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1. リウマチ性疾患を有する男性における抗炎症剤および免疫抑制剤が性腺機能に及ぼす影響 effects of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs on gonadal function in men with rheumatic diseases
2. 成人男性における細胞傷害性薬物が性腺機能に及ぼす影響 effects of cytotoxic agents on gonadal function in adult men
3. 炎症性疾患におけるシクロホスファミドおよびクロラムブシルの全身毒性 general toxicity of cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil in inflammatory diseases
4. 生殖腺毒性を有する治療または生殖腺切除術を施行した患者における不妊の予防 fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatment or gonadal resection
5. 外陰部異常を有する幼児の評価 evaluation of the infant with ambiguous genitalia

English Journal

Estrogen receptor alpha localization in the testes of men with normal spermatogenesis.

Filipiak E, Suliborska D, Laszczynska M, Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Oszukowska E, Marchlewska K, Kula K, Slowikowska-Hilczer J.SourceDepartment of Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society.Folia Histochem Cytobiol.2013 Oct 8;50(3):340-5. doi: 10.5603/19743.
It is known that estrogens act on the male reproductive tract by binding to estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. However, studies on ER localization in the human testis are discordant. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of ERα in the testes of adult men with normal spermatogene
PMID 23042285

Genetic toxicology of thallium: a review.

Rodríguez-Mercado JJ, Altamirano-Lozano MA.SourceUnidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UIGTA), Laboratorio L5-PA, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza , Cuidad de México , México.
Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2013 Jul;36(3):369-83. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710633. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
This review summarizes the current knowledge about the general toxicity of thallium (Tl) and its environmental sources, with special emphasis placed on its potential mutagenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Tl is a nonessential heavy metal that poses envi
PMID 22970858

Environmental and occupational exposure of metals and their role in male reproductive functions.

Sengupta P.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta , Kolkata, West Bengal , India.
Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2013 Jul;36(3):353-68. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710631. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
This review summarizes the effects of more than 20 metals that, research has indicated, may influence male reproductive health. Though males lack an apparent, easily measurable reproductive cycle, progress has been made in evaluating tests to identify chemical hazards and estimate reproductive healt
PMID 22947100

Japanese Journal

小児期のIGF-？や性腺ホルモンの加齢変化 (成長と臨床検査値)

磯島豪,横谷進
臨床検査 56(5), 471-475, 2012-05
NAID 40019292516

Reproductive characteristics of the orbiculate cardinalfish Sphaeramia orbicularis in the Chuuk Lagoon, Micronesia

Choi Young-Ung,Park Heung-Sik,Heo Soo-Jin
Fisheries science 78(3), 515-523, 2012-05
NAID 40019280309

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