WordNet

surround with a wall in order to fortify (同)palisade, fence, fence in, surround
a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
a layer of material that encloses space; "the walls of the cylinder were perforated"; "the containers walls were blue"
a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); "the wall followed the road"; "he ducked behind the garden wall and waited"
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; "the south wall had a small window"; "the walls were covered with pictures"
(anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; "stomach walls" (同)paries
a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; "a wall of water"; "a wall of smoke"; "a wall of prejudice"; "negotiations ran into a brick wall"
of or relating to hair
a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action (同)capillary tube, capillary tubing
any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules (同)capillary_vessel
long and slender with a very small internal diameter; "a capillary tube" (同)hairlike
becoming more intricate or complex; "a thickening plot"
any material used to thicken; "starch is used in cooking as a thickening" (同)thickener
the act of thickening (同)inspissation
of or relating to glomeruli
an alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy

PrepTutorEJDIC

{C}(石・れんがなどの)『壁』,へい / {U}(胃などの)内壁,内側 / {C}(…の)壁[のようなもの]《+of+名》 / …‘を'壁(へい)で囲む / …‘を'壁で仕切る / 〈窓・入り口など〉‘を'壁ぃふさぐ《+up+名,+名+up》
毛状の,毛のように細い / 毛細管の / 毛細管
厚くする(なる)こと / 厚くなった部分 / 濃縮材料

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における膀胱機能障害の評価および診断 evaluation and diagnosis of bladder dysfunction in children
2. 降圧療法と慢性腎臓病の進行：実験的研究 antihypertensive therapy and progression of chronic kidney disease experimental studies
3. Chapter 2D：GFRと腎血漿流量の調節 chapter 2d regulation of gfr and renal plasma flow
4. 脊髄髄膜瘤（二分脊椎）の尿路合併症 urinary tract complications of myelomeningocele spina bifida
5. 蛋白質摂取制限と慢性腎臓病の進行 protein restriction and progression of chronic kidney disease

English Journal

Comparative investigation of kidney mesangial cells from increased oxidative stress-induced diabetic rats by using different microscopy techniques.

Sargin AK1, Can B, Turan B.Author information 1Department of Histology-Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.AbstractHigh glucose and increased oxidative stress levels are the known important mediators of diabetic nephropathy. However, the effects of these mediators on tissue damage basically due to extracellular matrix expansion in mesangial cells have yet to be fully examined within the context of early stage diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we attempted to characterize changes in mesangial cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with a comparative investigation of kidney tissue by using different microscopy techniques. The serum levels of urea and creatinine of diabetic rats, as biomarkers of kidney degeneration, decreased significantly compared to those of age-matched controls. In diabetic rats, there are increased malondialdehyde and oxidized-glutathione levels as well as reduced-glutathione and glutathione-peroxidase activity levels in renal tissue compared to those of the controls. By using light and electron microscopies, we showed that there were marked thickening in Bowman's membrane and glomerular capillary wall, increased amount of extracellular matrix often occupying Bowman's space, degenerations in tubules, an increased number of mesangial cells in the network of glomerular capillary walls, and increased amount of lipid accumulation in proximal tubules in the renal tissue of diabetic rats. Our confocal microscopy data confirmed also the presence of irregularity and widened in glomerular capillaries, their attachment to the Bowman's capsule, degenerated heterochromatin, thickening in foci of glomerular basement membrane, and marked increase in mesangial cells. These results suggest that a detailed structural investigation of kidney tissue provides further information on the important role of mesangial cells in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.Mol Cell Biochem.2014 May;390(1-2):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s11010-013-1953-7. Epub 2013 Dec 29.
High glucose and increased oxidative stress levels are the known important mediators of diabetic nephropathy. However, the effects of these mediators on tissue damage basically due to extracellular matrix expansion in mesangial cells have yet to be fully examined within the context of early stage di
PMID 24374793

Dense deposit disease: a 29-years electron microscopy experience.

Seif EI1, Ibrahim EA, Elhefnawy NG, Salman MI.Author information 1Electron microscopy unit, Department of Pathology, Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital (ASUSH), Cairo, Egypt.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) is a devastating renal disease that leads to renal failure within 10 years of diagnosis in about half of affected patients. In this study, we evaluated the relative prevalence and pathological features of DDD diagnosed at our center over a 29 years period.
Arab journal of nephrology and transplantation.Arab J Nephrol Transplant.2013 Sep;6(3):153-60.
INTRODUCTION: Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) is a devastating renal disease that leads to renal failure within 10 years of diagnosis in about half of affected patients. In this study, we evaluated the relative prevalence and pathological features of DDD diagnosed at our center over a 29 years period.ME
PMID 24053741

Membranous Glomerulonephropathy in a Hatano Low-avoidance Rat.

Yasuno K1, Sakashita H, Kobayashi R, Araki S, Saito R, Shirota M, Kamiie J, Shitora K.Author information 1Research Institute of Biosciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.AbstractMembranous glomerulonephropathy can be experimentally induced in rats, but spontaneous cases have been rarely reported. In this report, we present a typical case of spontaneous membranous glomerulonephropathy in a rat. A male Hatano low-avoidance (LAA) strain rat had a tumor mass on the right auricle, and was sacrificed at 41 weeks of age. Urinary screening by reagent strips revealed intense proteinuria. Histological tests revealed frequent presence of irregularly sized eosinophilic hyaline materials on the capillary wall and in the mesangium of renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in the glomeruli. Subepithelial dense deposits were observed by electron microscopy accompanied by podocyte foot process effacement and occasional irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. The rat also developed chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis, and the tumor mass on the right auricle was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma. Screening tests for antibodies against major infectious agents and antinuclear antibody were negative. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence analyses suggested the presence of an autoantibody against the pancreatic component. The glomerulopathy was considered an early stage of membranous glomerulonephropathy.
Journal of toxicologic pathology.J Toxicol Pathol.2013 Jun;26(2):203-8. doi: 10.1293/tox.26.203. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Membranous glomerulonephropathy can be experimentally induced in rats, but spontaneous cases have been rarely reported. In this report, we present a typical case of spontaneous membranous glomerulonephropathy in a rat. A male Hatano low-avoidance (LAA) strain rat had a tumor mass on the right auricl
PMID 23914063