foveal

• 中心・の

関

central fossa、central pit、fovea centralis

WordNet

1. area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute (同)fovea_centralis

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/31 22:05:39」(JST)

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Schematic diagram of the human eye, with the fovea at the bottom.

The foveal system of the human eye is the only part of the retina that permits 100% visual acuity. The line-of-sight is a virtual line connecting the fovea with a fixation point in the outside world.

The discovery of the line-of-sight is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci.

His main experimental finding was that there is only a distinct and clear vision at the line-of-sight, the optical line that ends at the fovea. Although he did not use these words literally he actually is the father of the modern distinction between foveal vision (a more precise term for central vision) and peripheral vision.

Leonardo da Vinci: The eye has a central line and everything that reaches the eye through this central line can be seen distinctly.

Leonardo da Vinci, (1452-1519) was the first person known in Europe to recognize the special optical qualities of the eye. He derived his insights partly through introspection but mainly through a process that could be described as optical modelling. Based on dissection of the human eye he made experiments with water-filled crystal balls. He wrote "The function of the human eye, ... was described by a large number of authors in a certain way. But I found it to be completely different."

The modern diagram to the right shows that the fovea is a sort of pit. The Latin word fovea actually means pitfall.

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Bilateral foveal cysts secondary to Streptococcus constellatus endocarditis.

• Shah AN, Shah BN, Glover S, Herbert L.SourceEye Clinic, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, RH1 5RH, UK, anish.shah@doctors.org.uk.
• International ophthalmology.Int Ophthalmol.2013 Jun;33(3):315-7. doi: 10.1007/s10792-012-9660-z. Epub 2012 Nov 3.
• Infective endocarditis can be acute or subacute, depending on the virulence of the causative organism. It can also cause loss of vision by a variety of mechanisms, ranging from embolic retinal artery occlusion to endogenous endophthalmitis. We illustrate the first report of foveal cyst formation sec
• PMID 23124195

• Peripapillary scleral deformation and retinal nerve fiber damage in high myopia assessed with swept-source optical coherence tomography.

• Akagi T, Hangai M, Kimura Y, Ikeda HO, Nonaka A, Matsumoto A, Akiba M, Yoshimura N.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: akagi@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
• American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2013 May;155(5):927-936.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.12.014. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
• PURPOSE: To study peripapillary morphologic changes in highly myopic eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography at a longer wavelength.DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study.METHODS: Peripapillary regions of 196 eyes of 107 patients with high myopia (refractive error, <-8.0 diopters
• PMID 23434206

• Results of 2 years of treatment with as-needed ranibizumab reinjection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

• Hikichi T, Higuchi M, Matsushita T, Kosaka S, Matsushita R, Takami K, Ohtsuka H, Kitamei H, Shioya S.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ohtsuka Eye Hospital, Kita-16 Nishi-4, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0016, Japan; taiichi-hikichi@hokkaido.med.or.jp.
• The British journal of ophthalmology.Br J Ophthalmol.2013 May;97(5):617-21. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302652. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
• PURPOSE: To investigate the 2-year outcomes of three monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections followed by as-needed reinjections to treat polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).METHODS: Seventy-five consecutive eyes with naïve symptomatic PCV with 2 years of follow-up after treatment were studi
• PMID 23428984

Japanese Journal

• Systemic Factors Influence the Prognosis of Diabetic Macular Edema after Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling

• Yamada Yoshihisa,Suzuma Kiyoshi,Kumagami Takeshi,Fujikawa Azusa,Kitaoka Takashi
• Ophthalmologica 229(3), 142-146, 2013-04-00
• … Background: To evaluate the prognostic factors for the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal average retinal thickness after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for diabetic macular edema. … Methods: Relationships between preoperative systemic or ocular factors and BCVA or foveal average retinal thickness before and 6 months after the operation were evaluated. … Main Outcome Measures: BCVA and foveal average retinal thickness before and 6 months after the operation. …
• NAID 120005293406

• CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Foveal sparing in patients with Japanese Stargardt's disease and good visual acuity

• Nakao Takeshi,Tsujikawa Motokazu,Sawa Miki [他]
• Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official English-language journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 56(6), 584-588, 2012-11-00
• NAID 40019483766

• Visual prognosis of eyes with submacular hemorrhage associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration.

• Ueda-Arakawa Naoko,Tsujikawa Akitaka,Yamashiro Kenji,Ooto Sotaro,Tamura Hiroshi,Yoshimura Nagahisa
• Japanese journal of ophthalmology 56(6), 589-598, 2012-11-00
• … Of the 31 eyes, the foveal IS/OS line could be seen incompletely in 12 eyes and was totally absent in 16 eyes. … The initial integrity of the foveal photoreceptor layer was correlated with the final visual acuity; … [Conclusion]As a hallmark of integrity of the foveal photoreceptor layer, the initial detection of the IS/OS just beneath the fovea may predict good visual outcomes. …
• NAID 120005241455

Related Links

• Foveal | definition of foveal by Medical dictionary

fovea [fo´ve-ah] (pl. fo´veae) (L.) a small pit or depression often used alone to indicate the central fovea of the retina. central fovea of retina (fovea ... Even with retained foveal function, nearly 9 out of 10 persons with maculopathy who ...

• 中心視 ちゅうしんし foveal vision

中心視 ちゅうしんし foveal vision 網膜像が中心窩 (直径が視角約1度の範囲内の網膜中心部位) に映じるような条件下で対象を見ること。中心窩には錐体細胞のみが集っており，周辺視に比べて解像力がすぐれている

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「central pit」「central fossa」
拡張検索	「foveal hypoplasia and presenile cataract syndrome」
関連記事	「fovea」

「central pit」

　　[★]

中心・

関

central fossa、fovea centralis、foveal

「central fossa」

　　[★]

中心・

関

central pit、fovea centralis、foveal

「foveal hypoplasia and presenile cataract syndrome」

　　[★]

参考

• OMIM

http://omim.org/entry/136520

「fovea」

　　[★]

• n.

• (解剖)(骨などの)窩
• (網膜の)中心窩