forearm

前腕

関

antebrachial

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. arm in advance of a confrontation
2. the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 前腕(ひじから手首まで)
2. …‘に'前もって武装させる;(危険・困難に対して)〈人〉‘に'前もって備えさせる《+『against』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/08 12:50:32」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the body part. For other uses, see Forearm (disambiguation).

Forearm
Upper limb, forearm pronated. The forearm is the part of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.
Latin	antebrachium
MeSH	Forearm

The forearm is the structure and distal region of the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is most often used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm. It is homologous to the region of the leg that lies between the knee and the ankle joints.

The forearm contains two long bones, the radius and the ulna, forming the radioulnar joint. The interosseous membrane connects these bones. Ultimately, the forearm is covered by skin, the anterior surface usually being less hairy than the posterior surface.

The forearm contains many muscles, including the flexors and extensors of the digits, a flexor of the elbow (brachioradialis), and pronators and supinators that turn the hand to face down or upwards, respectively. In cross-section the forearm can be divided into two fascial compartments. The posterior compartment contains the extensors of the hands, which are supplied by the radial nerve. The anterior compartment contains the flexors, and is mainly supplied by the median nerve. The ulnar nerve also runs the length of the forearm.

The radial and ulnar arteries, and their branches, supply the blood to the forearm. These usually run on the anterior face of the radius and ulna down the whole forearm. The main superficial veins of the forearm are the cephalic, median antebrachial and the basilic vein. These veins can be used for cannularisation or venipuncture, although the cubital fossa is a preferred site for getting blood.

Anatomy

Bones

• radius
• ulna

Joints

• proximal to forearm
  • elbow
• in the forearm
  • proximal radioulnar joint
  • distal radioulnar joint
• distal to forearm
  • wrist

Muscles

See also: Muscle table#Forearm

Compartment	Level	Muscle	E/I	Nerve
Anterior	superficial	flexor carpi radialis	E	median
Anterior	superficial	palmaris longus	E	median
Anterior	superficial	flexor carpi ulnaris	E	ulnar
Anterior	superficial	pronator teres	I	median
Anterior	superficial (or intermediate)	flexor digitorum superficialis (sublimis)	E	median
Anterior	deep	flexor digitorum profundus	E	ulnar + median
Anterior	deep	flexor pollicis longus	E	median
Anterior	deep	pronator quadratus	I	median
Posterior	(see below)	brachioradialis	I	radial
Posterior	superficial	extensor carpi radialis longus	E	radial
Posterior	superficial	extensor carpi radialis brevis	E	radial
Posterior	intermediate	extensor digitorum (communis)	E	radial
Posterior	intermediate	extensor digiti minimi (proprius)	E	radial
Posterior	superficial	extensor carpi ulnaris	E	radial
Posterior	deep	abductor pollicis longus	E	radial
Posterior	deep	extensor pollicis brevis	E	radial
Posterior	deep	extensor pollicis longus	E	radial
Posterior	deep	extensor indicis (proprius)	E	radial
Posterior	deep	supinator	I	radial
Posterior	deep	anconeus	I	radial

• "E/I" refers to "extrinsic" or "intrinsic". The intrinsic muscles of the forearm act on the forearm, meaning, across the elbow joint and the proximal and distal radioulnar joints (resulting in pronation or supination, whereas the extrinsic muscles act upon the hand and wrist. In most cases, the extrinsic anterior muscles are flexors, while the extrinsic posterior muscles are extensors.
• The Brachioradialis, flexor of the forearm, is unusual in that it is located in the posterior compartment, but it is actually in the anterior portion of the forearm.

Nerves

(See separate nerve articles for details on divisions proximal to the elbow and distal to the wrist; see Brachial plexus for the origins of the median, radial and ulnar nerves)

• Median nerve – principle nerve of the anterior compartment (PT, FCR, PL, FDS).
  • anterior interosseous nerve (supplies FPL, lat. 1/2 of FDP, PQ).
• Radial nerve – supplies muscles of the posterior compartment (ECRL, ECRB).
  • Superficial branch of radial nerve
  • Deep branch of radial nerve, becomes Posterior interosseus nerve and supplies muscles of the posterior compartment (ED, EDM, ECU, APL, EPB, EPL, EI).
• Ulnar nerve - supplies some medial muscles (FCU, med. 1/2 of FDP).

Vessels

Main article: Arterial tree of subclavian artery

• Brachial artery
  • Radial artery
    • Radial recurrent artery
    • dorsal metacorpal artery
      • princips pollicis artery
  • Ulnar artery
    • Anterior ulnar recurrent artery and posterior ulnar recurrent artery
    • Common interosseous artery
      • Posterior interosseous artery
      • Anterior interosseous artery

Other structures

• Interosseous membrane of forearm
• Annular ligament of ulna

Fracture

A fracture of the forearm can be classified as to whether it involves only the ulna (ulnar fracture), only the radius (radius fracture) or both (radioulnar fracture)

Additional images

Superficial muscles of the forearm  Deep muscles of the anterior forearm  Deep muscles of the posterior forearm  Cross-section through the middle of the forearm.  Muscles of upper limb. Cross section.

See also

• Forearm flexors

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
• 2. 腕を動かさない小児の評価 evaluation of the immobile arm in children
• 3. 原発性（特発性）上肢深部静脈血栓症 primary spontaneous upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
• 4. 小児における前腕近位部骨折 proximal fractures of the forearm in children
• 5. 上肢末梢動脈疾患の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral artery disease

English Journal

• Age-related changes in male skin: quantitative evaluation of one hundred and fifty male subjects.

• Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M.SourceDivision of Cosmetic Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany.
• Skin pharmacology and physiology.Skin Pharmacol Physiol.2014;27(1):9-17. doi: 10.1159/000351349. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
• BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Modern men have changed their beauty and grooming habits, which has resulted in an increasing demand for cosmetics for men. However, very little information is available about the dermatological needs of male skin. Therefore, the aim of this present clinical study was to conduct
• PMID 23887477

• Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports.

• Svedbom A, Hernlund E, Ivergård M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, McCloskey EV, Jönsson B, Kanis JA; EU review panel of the IOF.SourceOptumInsight, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2013 Dec;8(1-2):137. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0137-0. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
• This report describes epidemiology, burden, and treatment of osteoporosis in each of the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27).INTRODUCTION: In 2010, 22 million women and 5.5 million men were estimated to have osteoporosis in the EU; and 3.5 million new fragility fractures were sustained, compri
• PMID 24113838

• Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden : A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA).

• Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergård M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, McCloskey EV, Jönsson B, Kanis JA.SourceOptumInsight, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2013 Dec;8(1-2):136. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0136-1. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
• This report describes the epidemiology, burden, and treatment of osteoporosis in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27).INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, resulting in increased risk of fragility fractures which represent the
• PMID 24113837

• Compartment syndrome diagnosed in due time by breakthrough pain despite continuous peripheral nerve block.

• Munk-Andersen H, Laustrup TK.SourceDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.
• Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2013 Nov;57(10):1328-30. doi: 10.1111/aas.12187. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
• We here present a paediatric case with development of acute compartment syndrome in the lower leg secondary to a tibial shaft fracture. The patient was diagnosed in time because of breakthrough pain, despite a well-functioning continuous peripheral nerve block with ropivacaine infusion. Compartment
• PMID 24020485

Japanese Journal

• 症例 両前腕重複骨折の1例

• 美馬 雄一郎,斉藤 憲太,高橋 正明
• 整形・災害外科 58(9), 1295-1298, 2015-08
• NAID 40020552673

• 症例報告 抗凝固療法中に誘因なく生じた前腕コンパートメント症候群の1例

• 守 宏介,有薗 行朋,日野 竜穂 [他]
• 臨床整形外科 50(8), 823-826, 2015-08
• NAID 40020546436

• Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap Versus Radial Forearm Free Flap in Treating Patients with cT1-2 Tongue Carcinoma

• Li Peng,Fang Qigen,Luo Ruihua [他]
• Journal of hard tissue biology 24(3), 285-288, 2015-07
• NAID 40020547431

• 小児の前腕両骨骨幹部骨折 : プレートより髄内釘がよい : メタアナリシスを用いて (特集 骨折治療の真実) -- (上肢)

• 安藤 佳幸,安田 匡孝
• Bone joint nerve : BJN 5(3), 493-498, 2015-07
• NAID 40020520266

Related Links

• forearmの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

forearmとは。意味や和訳。[名]前腕，前膊(ぜんぱく)；（四足獣の）前腕. - goo辞書は国語、英和、和英、中国語、百科事典等からまとめて探せる辞書検索サービスです。

• forearm-日本語翻訳-bab.la辞書

無料日本語辞書で'forearm'を翻訳してから、他の日本語翻訳をチェック。 ... 私のツイッターをフォローしてください フェイスブックで私たちのファンになりませんか G+に私をアドしてください

• forearm - 辞書すべて - goo辞書

forearmの意味は？goo辞書は無料で使える日本最大級の辞書サービスです。国語辞典、英和辞典、和英辞典、類語辞典、中国語辞典、百科事典などを提供しています。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「前腕」「antebrachial」

「前腕」

　　[★]

英

forearm

ラ

antebrachium

関

上肢

• 図：N.427

前腕の筋肉

• 1. 長橈側手根伸筋
• 2. 短橈側手根伸筋
• 3. 指伸筋
• 4. 小指伸筋
• 5. 尺側手根伸筋
• 6. 示指伸筋
• 7. 小指外転筋
• 8. 短母指伸筋
• 9. 長母指伸筋

「antebrachial」

　　[★]

• 前腕の

関

forearm