WordNet

assume a prim appearance; "They mince and prim"
dress primly (同)prim up, prim out
contract ones lips; "She primmed her lips after every bite of food"
a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer

PrepTutorEJDIC

きちんとした / (女性が)取り澄ました
(骨・植物などの)孔(こう),開口

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2020/04/27 23:07:11」(JST)

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In the developing heart, the atria are initially open to each other, with the opening known as the primary interatrial foramen or ostium primum (or interatrial foramen primum). The foramen lies beneath the edge of septum primum and the endocardial cushions. It progressively decreases in size as the septum grows downwards, and disappears with the formation of the atrial septum.

Structure

The foramen lies beneath the edge of septum primum and the endocardial cushions. It progressively decreases in size as the septum grows downwards, and disappears with the formation of the atrial septum.

Closure

The septum primum, a septum which grows down to separate the primitive atrium into the left atrium and right atrium, grows in size over the course of heart development. The primary interatrial foramen is the gap between the septum primum and the septum intermedium, which gets progressively smaller until it closes.

Clinical significance

Failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushion can lead to an ostium primum atrial septal defect.^[1] This is the second most common type of atrial septal defect^[2] and is commonly seen in Down syndrome. Typically this defect will cause a shunt to occur from the left atrium to the right atrium. Children born with this defect may be asymptomatic, however, over time pulmonary hypertension and the resulting hypertrophy of the right side of the heart will lead to a reversal of this shunt. This reversal is called Eisenmenger syndrome.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 512 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ "ostium primum atrial septal defect". GPnotebook.
^ Diagram of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect at Mayo Clinic

External links

Embryology at Temple Heart98/heart97a/sld036
Overview and diagram at um.edu.mt
MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/thorax0/Heart_Development/Atria.html

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児の単独の心房中隔欠損症（ASD）：分類、臨床的特徴、診断isolated atrial septal defects asds in children classification clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
… fetus; it leaves an oval orifice (the foramen ovale) that is covered (but not sealed) on the left side by the flexible flap of the septum primum In the fetus, the foramen ovale is held open by the pressure …
2. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の臨床症状および診断clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atrial septal defects in adults [show details]
… communication between the atria via a defect in the interatrial septum. A patent foramen ovale is a foramen that is covered by the septum primum but is not sealed shut in approximately 25 to 30 percent of normal subjects …
3. 卵円孔開存patent foramen ovale [show details]
…creation of the foramen primum. As the septum primum continues to grow toward the endocardial cushions, perforations develop in the septum primum. These perforations then fuse, forming the foramen secundum, …
4. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の外科的閉鎖および経皮閉鎖surgical and percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects in adults [show details]
… identified prior to intervention: Primum ASD, sinus venosus ASDs, and coronary sinus defects require surgical closure. Primum ASD is usually accompanied by a cleft mitral valve.… of adverse events, use of an estimate of total number of device closures, and inclusion of patent foramen ovale closures. An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is defined as redundant and mobile interatrial …
5. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の特定および評価identification and assessment of atrial septal defects in adults [show details]
… Primum ASDs are generally accompanied by cleft anterior mitral valve leaflet.… complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunting across the ASD. With a patent foramen ovale, with no or net left-to-right shunt, with transient elevation in right atrial pressure above …

English Journal

PMID 30571061

Low incidence of atrial septal defects in nonmammalian vertebrates.

Jensen B, Joyce W, Gregorovicova M, Sedmera D, Wang T, Christoffels VM.
Evolution & development. 2019 Oct;()e12322.
The atrial septum enables efficient oxygen transport by separating the systemic and pulmonary venous blood returning to the heart. Only in placental mammals will the atrial septum form by the coming-together of the septum primum and the septum secundum. In up to one of four placental mammals, this c
PMID 31597012

"Liver or Let Die": Percutaneous PFO Closure Through Hepatic Vein Access.

Stehli J, Michail M, McGaw D, Harper R.
Heart, lung & circulation. 2019 Oct;28(10)e134-e136.
A 73-year-old farmer presented with platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS). A transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) disclosed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with significant right-to-left shunt on assuming upright posture. An initial attempt at PFO closure through the femoral vein was abandoned due to
PMID 31213345

Japanese Journal

経皮的内視鏡椎間板ヘルニア摘出の現状(<特集>他科のエキスパートに学ぶ)

出沢明,金民世
脳神経外科ジャーナル 18(12), 875-881, 2009
… "Primum nil nocere"(侵襲を最小限にする)という考えは,Hippocratesの時代より外科分野での永遠のテーマであった.しかし,近年の光学技術の進歩と周辺機器の開発により,内視鏡を中心にした低侵襲切開手技によるヘルニア摘出術の進歩には目をみはるものがある.皮膚切開のみでなく,アプローチ起因障害(approach related morbidity)を最小限にして,神経根に対する影響を可及的に少なくする.そして,日帰り手術(DS;day surgery,outpatient …
NAID 110007483413

Morphological Adaptation of the Cardiovascular System in Fetal Rats during Late Gestation

TOYONO MANATOMO,ITO TADAHIKO,HARADA KENJI,TAMURA MASAMICHI,TAKADA GORO
THE TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 188(4), 299-309, 1999-08-01
… The length of the primum septum of the atrium significantly increased by 92% within 4 days, but the opening distance of foramen ovale significantly decreased by 14%. … These observations suggest that the reduction of the opening distance of foramen ovale reflect the growth of pulmonary arteries. …
NAID 10013373871

ウシの卵円孔の早期狭窄

村上隆之 [他],萩尾光美,浜名克己,森友靖生
宮崎大学農学部研究報告 40(1), p25-29, 1993-10
ウシの奇形心295例の中にFOの早期閉鎖は存在しなかったが,6例に早期狭窄が認められた.FOの早期狭窄を示したもののうち1例はVSDを伴わない大動脈閉鎖と,他の5例はVSDを伴わない両大血管右室起始と,それぞれ合併していた.全例の心臓のFOは一次中隔と二次中隔の間に右心房腔が狭く,浅く進入したもので,その前部は直径6mm以下の口で左心房腔に連絡していた.5例では左心室腔と冠状動脈の異常連絡は小さく …
NAID 120002013606

「一次孔」

Primary interatrial foramen
	The developing human heart, at day 30. The ostium primum joins the primitive atrium and lies beneath the septum primum (top middle) and becomes progressively smaller as the septum grows in size.
Details
System	Cardiovascular system
Location	Developing heart
Identifiers
Latin	foramen primum
TE	E5.11.1.5.2.1.1
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]