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a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/01 21:05:02」(JST)

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A glucose test is a type of blood test used to determine the amount of glucose in the blood. It is mainly used in screening for any prediabetes or diabetes.^[1] Patients are instructed not to consume anything but water during the fasting period. Caffeine will also distort the results. If you eat during the period in which you are supposed to have been fasting then you would show blood sugar levels that would cause your doctor to think you have diabetes. In people already having diabetes, blood glucose monitoring is used with frequent intervals in the management of the condition.^[1]

There are several different kinds of glucose tests:

Fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 12 hours after eating
Postprandial glucose test (PC): 2 hours after eating
Glucose tolerance test:^[2] continuous testing
Random glucose test

Reference ranges

Fasting blood sugar

A range of 4 to 7 mmol/l (72 to 126 mg/dl) before a meal is normal. Continual fasting levels of 5.5 to 7 mmol/l (101–125 mg/dl) causes concern of possible prediabetes and may be worth monitoring. 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) and above means a risk of diabetes.^{[citation needed]}

After a 12 hour fast, a range of 3.9 to under 5.5 mmol/l (70.2 to 100 mg/dl) is normal (a level of 5.6 to under 7 mmol/l (100 to 126 mg/dl) is considered a sign of prediabetes).^{[citation needed]}

Postprandial glucose

Main article: Postprandial glucose test

A level of < 10 mmol/l (180 mg/dl) 90 minutes after a meal is normal.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b MedlinePlus > Blood glucose monitoring Update Date: 6/17/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD. In turn citing: American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:S12-S54.
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Glucose tolerance test

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1. 2型糖尿病のスクリーニング screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. 成人における糖尿病の臨床症状および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults
3. 小児および思春期における2型糖尿病の疫学、症状、および診断 epidemiology presentation and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
4. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
5. 成人の2型糖尿病における血糖の初期マネージメント initial management of blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Association between flavonoid intake and diabetes risk among the Koreans.

Yeon JY1, Bae YJ2, Kim EY3, Lee EJ4.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2015 Jan 15;439:225-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.042. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between flavonoid intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors including serum fasting glucose, insulin level, and insulin resistance.METHODS: A total of 4186 participants who were involved in the 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition E
PMID 25444741

Oxidative stress-mediated (sex-specific) loss of protection against type-2 diabetes by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-173G/C polymorphism.

Coban N1, Onat A2, Yildirim O3, Can G4, Erginel-Unaltuna N5.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2015 Jan 1;438:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.037. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
BACKGROUND: The archetypical yet atypical cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) fulfills pleiotropic immune functions in inflammatory diseases. Evidence emerging from both expression and functional studies implicates MIF in various aspects of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to dete
PMID 25108206

Glycaemic regulation and insulin secretion are abnormal in cystic fibrosis pigs despite sparing of islet cell mass.

Uc A1, Olivier AK2, Griffin MA1, Meyerholz DK2, Yao J1, Abu-El-Haija M3, Buchanan KM1, Vanegas Calderón OG1, Abu-El-Haija M4, Pezzulo AA5, Reznikov LR5, Hoegger MJ5, Rector MV5, Ostedgaard LS5, Taft PJ5, Gansemer ND5, Ludwig PS5, Hornick EE5, Stoltz DA5, Ode KL1, Welsh MJ, Engelhardt JF6, Norris AW.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Jan;128(2):131-42. doi: 10.1042/CS20140059.
Diabetes is a common and significant co-morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is incompletely understood. Because exocrine pancreatic disease is similar between humans and pigs with CF, the CF pig model has the potential to contribute signific
PMID 25142104

Japanese Journal

Grifola gargalの投与が高フルクトース食誘発インスリン抵抗性ラットに及ぼす影響

湯高奈美,佐藤由希,柳澤良佳,山本聖,澤田仁美,長柄唯,北越香織
名古屋文理大学紀要 13(情報メディア学部・基礎教育センター・食と栄養研究所開設記念号), pp.159-162, 2013-03-31
… Then, after fasting for 16 hours, a sequential euglycemic clamp experiment with twodifferent insulin infusion rates of 6.0 (L-clamp) and 30.0 (H-clamp) mU/kgBW/minwas performed.Results: The serum glucose concentration in each rat was maintained at the level of basal blood glucoseconcentrations in the experiment. … The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was assumed to be an index of theaction of insulin for 60-90 and 150-180 minutes. …
NAID 110009558727

難消化性デキストリン負荷による糖尿病リスクの軽減効果について

平部香菜子/山本真弓/津田とみ/松下純子/犬伏知子/小川直子/中川利津代/内田悦子/橋田誠一
徳島文理大学研究紀要 85, 77-86, 2013-03-00
… Conclusion: Supplementation with digestion-resistant dextrin for 3 months resulted in an improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia but did not result in improvements in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose levels and biomarkers. …
NAID 110009573854

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator response in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

Aihara Kensaku,Handa Tomohiro,Nagai Sonoko,Tanizawa Kiminobu,Ikezoe Kohei,Watanabe Kizuku,Chihara Yuichi,Harada Yuka,Yoshimura Chikara,Oga Toru,Ozasa Neiko,Uno Kazuko,Chin Kazuo,Mishima Michiaki
Respiratory medicine 107(2), 269-275, 2013-02-00
… While circulating levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c and fasting glucose did not differ significantly between groups, patients with chronic interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis had significantly lower high density lipoprotein levels and higher low density lipoprotein levels as compared with control subjects. …
NAID 120005241355