WordNet

purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening (同)anatomical sphincter, sphincter_muscle
duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern

PrepTutorEJDIC

『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
括約筋(かつやくきん)
尿道

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1. 妊娠および経膣分娩が肛門括約筋および便失禁に及ぼす影響 effect of pregnancy and childbirth on anal sphincter function and fecal incontinence
2. 女性泌尿生殖器の外科解剖学 surgical female urogenital anatomy
3. 肛門括約筋断裂の待機手術によるマネージメント delayed surgical management of the disrupted anal sphincter
4. 膣後壁欠損の臨床症状、診断、および非外科的マネージメント clinical manifestations diagnosis and nonsurgical management of posterior vaginal defects
5. 成人における便失禁：疫学および評価 fecal incontinence in adults etiology and evaluation

Combination histamine and serotonin treatment after simulated childbirth injury improves stress urinary incontinence.

Song QX1,2,3, Balog BM1,3,4, Lin DL1,3, Jiang HH1,5, Gurel V6, Spaulding J7, Tobacyk J7, McMichael J6, Damaser MS1,3,5.
Neurourology and urodynamics.Neurourol Urodyn.2015 Jun 17. doi: 10.1002/nau.22793. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS: Histamine and serotonin-related pharmaceuticals have the potential to modulate micturition and continence. The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with histamine and/or serotonin improves stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in female rats.METHODS: Twenty-six age-matched female rats u
PMID 26088829

Three-dimensional reconstruction of deferent ducts papillae in urogenital duct system of the male rat.

Wakui S1, Motohashi M, Inomata T, Ichihara N, Mutou T, Takahashi H, Ikegami M, Asari M.
The Prostate.Prostate.2015 May;75(6):646-52. doi: 10.1002/pros.22948. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
BACKGROUND: The rodent ejaculatory ducts penetrate the male accessory sex gland complex and open into the urethra, anatomically similar to humans. Although the deferent ducts papillae in rodents have been described at the distal end of deferent ducts, they are absent in humans, and their detailed mo
PMID 25586300

Schneider MP1, Hughes FM Jr, Engmann AK, Purves JT, Kasper H, Tedaldi M, Spruill LS, Gullo M, Schwab ME, Kessler TM.
BJU international.BJU Int.2015 Apr;115 Suppl 6:8-15. doi: 10.1111/bju.13039.
OBJECTIVES: To develop a urodynamic model incorporating external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) in awake rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder catheters and EUS EMG electrodes were implanted in female Sprague Dawley rats. Assessments were performed in awake, lightly restrained rats on
PMID 25597776

SUGAYA Kimio,NISHIJIMA Saori,MIYAZATO Minoru,OGAWA Yoshihide
日本平滑筋学会機関誌 41(3), 117-132, 2005-06
… Inhibition of the sympathetic nucleus and pudendal nerve nucleus induces relaxation of the bladder neck and the external urethral sphincter, respectively. …
NAID 110002950124

吉村直樹
日本薬理学雑誌 121(5), 290-298, 2003-05-01
膀胱と尿道からなる下部尿路は蓄尿と尿排出の2つの相反する機能を司り，その機能は，末梢および中枢の神経路を介して複雑に制御されている．まず，蓄尿反射は，主に脊髄レベルの反射によって制御され，交感神経（下腹神経），体性神経（陰部神経）の興奮によって膀胱の弛緩と尿道の収縮が引き起こされる．そして，尿排出反射は，脊髄から脳幹の橋排尿中枢を経由する反射経路によって引き起こされ，副交感神経（骨盤神経）の興奮が …
NAID 10011240625

相沢正孝,浪間孝重,中川晴夫,折笠精一
日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 88(3), 391-398, 1997-03-20
(目的)骨盤底筋群に内蔵された外尿道括約筋(PFM)と,骨盤底筋群とは独立した尿道周囲横紋筋性括約筋(PUS)の収縮特性について検討した。(方法)雄雑種成犬を使用し,運動学で用いられる力一時間曲線を応用した圧一時間曲線を用いて比較検討した。さらにATPaseの染色により,それぞれの筋線維組成について検討した。(結果)片側陰部神経刺激に対し,各括約筋のM波振幅および収縮差圧は,刺激強度依存性に増大し …
NAID 110003088941