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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/20 20:55:16」(JST)

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Etidronic acid (INN) or 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) is a bisphosphonate used in detergents, water treatment, cosmetics and pharmaceutical treatment.

An etidronate is a salt of etidronic acid, abbeviated M_nHEDP (M: is a cation, n: number of M maximum 4).

Chelating Agent and Anti-oxidant

Etidronic acid is a chelating agent and may be added to bind or, to some extent, counter the effects of substances, such as calcium, iron or other metal ions, which may be discharged as a component of grey wastewater and could conceivably contaminate groundwater supplies. As a phosphonate it has corrosion inhibiting properties on unnalloyed steel. Etidronic acid also acts to retard rancidification and oxidation of fatty acids.

HEDP and its salts are added to detergents and other cleaning agents to prevent the effects of hard water. It is also used in peroxide bleaching to prevent degradation of peroxides by transition metals.

Etidronic acid is listed as an ingredient of several cosmetic formulations where it is used for suppressing radical formation, emulsion stabilser and viscosity control. While etidronic acid has not been limited from inclusion in cosmetics and does have legitimate uses, it is recommended that, as with most cosmetic products (particularly soaps), the product should be thoroughly rinsed from the skin after use.

Etidronic acid is also included among swimming pool chemicals. It is used as a stain inhibitor to prevent metal ions coming out of solution and staining the sides of swimming pools.

Use

Pharmaceutical

Etidronic acid (Didronel ®) is a bisphosphonate used to strengthen bone, treat osteoporosis, and treat Paget's disease of bone.

Bisphosphonates primarily reduce osteoclastic activity, which prevents bone resorption, and thus moves the bone resorption/formation equilibrium toward the formation side and hence makes bone stronger on the long run. Etidronate, unlike other bisphosphonates, also prevents bone calcification. For this reason, other bisphosphonates, like alendronate, are preferred when fighting osteoporosis. To prevent bone resorption without affecting too much bone calcification, etidronate must be administered only for a short time once in a while, for example for two weeks every 3 months. When given on a continuous basis, say every day, etidronate will altogether prevent bone calcification. This effect may be useful and etidronate is in fact used this way to fight heterotopic ossification. But in the long run, if used on a continuous basis, it will cause osteomalacia.

Chemical

HEDP is used as scale and corrosion inhibition in circulating cool water system, oil field and low-pressure boilers in fields such as electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, fertilizer, etc. In light woven industry, HEDP is used as detergent for metal and nonmetal. In dyeing industry, HEDP is used as peroxide stabilizer and dye-fixing agent; In non-cyanide electroplating, HEDP is used as chelating agent. The dosage of 1–10 mg/L is preferred as scale inhibitor, 10–50 mg/L as corrosion inhibitor, and 1000–2000 mg/L as detergent. Usually, HEDP is used together with polycarboxylic acid.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 閉経後の女性における骨粗鬆症のマネージメントにおけるビスホスホネート bisphosphonates in the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
2. 骨パジェット病の治療 treatment of paget disease of bone
3. ビスホスホネートの薬理学 pharmacology of bisphosphonates
4. 高カルシウム血症の治療 treatment of hypercalcemia
5. ステロイド誘発性骨粗鬆症の予防および治療 prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis

English Journal

BONE TURNOVER IN OSTEOPOROTIC WOMEN DURING LONG-TERM ORAL BISPHOSPHONATES TREATMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT FAILURE AND "DRUG HOLIDAY" IN THE REAL WORLD.

Liel Y, Plakht Y, Tailakh MA.
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.Endocr Pract.2017 Jul;23(7):787-793. doi: 10.4158/EP171781.OR. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
OBJECTIVE: Little data exist to support concerns over bone turnover suppression during prolonged oral bisphosphonate treatment and on consequences of the recommended "drug holiday." This study was performed to assess bone resorption rates in postmenopausal osteoporotic women on prolonged oral bispho
PMID 28448762

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF COST EFFICACY OF DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS: A META-ANALYSIS.

Albert SG, Reddy S.
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.Endocr Pract.2017 Jul;23(7):841-856. doi: 10.4158/EP161678.RA. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost efficacy of available regimens for therapy of osteoporosis as defined as the cost time's number need to treat to prevent one fracture.METHODS: Existing meta-analyses were supplemented through electronic databases SCOPUS and PubMed between 2013 (a date overlapping the la
PMID 28448754

Evaluation of smear layer removal and marginal adaptation of root canal sealer after final irrigation using ethylenediaminetetraacetic, peracetic, and etidronic acids with different concentrations.

Ulusoy Öİ1, Zeyrek S1, Çelik B2.
Microscopy research and technique.Microsc Res Tech.2017 Jul;80(7):687-692. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22851. Epub 2017 Feb 12.
PMID 28190294

Japanese Journal

Bisphosphonate製剤およびRaloxifeneのコンプライアンスならびに有害事象調査(千葉県版DEM)

医療薬学 34(5), 455-460, 2008-05-10
NAID 110006664361

Pseudogout attack induced during etidronate disodium therapy

Modern rheumatology 16(2), 117-119, 2006-04-01
NAID 10017479243

エチドロネートが有効であった透析性異所性石灰化症の1例

中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 48(2), 225-226, 2005-03-01
NAID 10016592133

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「エチドロン酸」「etidronic acid」

「エチドロン酸」

Etidronic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(1-hydroxyethan-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid)
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Licence data	US FDA:link
Pregnancy cat.	US: C;
Legal status	℞ Prescription only;
Routes	Oral, intravenous
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	3%
Metabolism	Nil
Half-life	1 to 6 hours
Excretion	Renal and fecal
Identifiers
CAS number	2809-21-4
ATC code	M05BA01 M05BB01
PubChem	CID 3305
DrugBank	DB01077
ChemSpider	3189
UNII	M2F465ROXU
KEGG	D02373
ChEBI	CHEBI:4907
ChEMBL	CHEMBL871
Chemical data
Formula	C2H8O7P2
Mol. mass	206.028 g/mol
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)C(O)(C)P(=O)(O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H8O7P2/c1-2(3,10(4,5)6)11(7,8)9/h3H,1H3,(H2,4,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) ; Key:DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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