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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/08 18:42:24」(JST)

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Acute erythroid leukemia (or "acute Di Guglielmo syndrome") is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia where the myeloproliferation is of erythroblastic precursors.

It is defined at type "M6" under the FAB classification.^[1]

Types

Acute erythroid leukemias can be classified as follows:

M6a; Erythroleukemia: Both Erythroid/Myeloid neoplastic proliferation

M6b; Pure erythroid leukemia

Criteria for diagnosis of M6

M6a (Erythroleukemia)

50% or more of all nucleated bone marrow cells are erythroblasts, Dyserythropoiesis is prominent and 20% or more of the remaining cells (non- erythroid) are myeloblasts.

M6b (Pure erythroid leukemia)

In rare cases the erythroid lineage is the only obvious component of an acute leukemia; a myeloblast component is not apparent. The erythroid component consists predominantly or exclusively of proerythroblasts and early basophilic erythroblasts. These cells may constitute 90% or more of the marrow elements. Despite this lack of myeloblasts, these cases should be considered acute leukemias. In a WHO proposal the blastic leukemias that are limited to the erythroid series are designated pure erythroid malignancies.

M6c (Erythroleukemia and Pure erythroid leukemia)

Myeloblast- and proerythroblast-rich mixed variant.

Treatment

Treatment for erythroleukemia consists of chemotherapy, frequently consisting of cytarabine, daunorubicin, and idarubicin.^[2]

Prognosis

Acute erythroid leukemia (M6) has a relatively poor prognosis, with median survival for erythroleukemia patients of 36 weeks.^[3] The 36 week prognosis is due to the rareness of M6b.

When looked at separately, prognosis comes back a little differently (survival, mean ± sd) : M6B (3 ± 3.6 months) versus M6A (25 ± 28 months), and M6C (10 ± 13 months).^[4]

In pregnancy

Leukemia is rarely associated with pregnancy, affecting only about 1 in 10,000 pregnant women.^[5] How it is handled depends primarily on the type of leukemia. Acute leukemias normally require prompt, aggressive treatment, despite significant risks of pregnancy loss and birth defects, especially if chemotherapy is given during the developmentally sensitive first trimester.^[5]

References

^ "Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Signs and Symptoms".
^ Erythroleukemia ~treatment at eMedicine
^ Santos FP, Faderl S, Garcia-Manero G, et al. (December 2009). "Adult acute erythroleukemia: an analysis of 91 patients treated at a single institution". Leukemia 23 (12): 2275–80. doi:10.1038/leu.2009.181. PMID 19741728.
^ Kowal-Vern A, Mazzella FM, Cotelingam JD, Shrit MA, Rector JT, Schumacher HR (September 2000). "Diagnosis and characterization of acute erythroleukemia subsets by determining the percentages of myeloblasts and proerythroblasts in 69 cases". Am. J. Hematol. 65 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1002/1096-8652(200009)65:1<5::AID-AJH2>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 10936857.
^ ^a ^b Shapira T, Pereg D, Lishner M (September 2008). "How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy". Blood Rev. 22 (5): 247–59. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2008.03.006. PMID 18472198.

External links

Kowal-Vern A, Mazzella FM, Cotelingam JD, Shrit MA, Rector JT, Schumacher HR (2000). "Diagnosis and characterization of acute erythroleukemia subsets by determining the percentages of myeloblasts and proerythroblasts in 69 cases". Am. J. Hematol. 65 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1002/1096-8652(200009)65:1<5::AID-AJH2>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 10936857.
Histology at University of Virginia
Overview at Marist College
Images at Nagoya University

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Triiodothyronine suppresses activin-induced differentiation of erythroleukemia K562 cells under hypoxic conditions.

Yamamoto Y1, Shiraishi M, Fujita M, Kojima I, Tanaka Y, Tachibana S.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.Mol Cell Biochem.2014 Jun;391(1-2):217-24. doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-2005-7. Epub 2014 Mar 7.
Thyroid hormone stimulates erythropoietic differentiation. However, severe anemia is sometimes seen in patients with hyperthyroidism, and the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Bone marrow is comprised about 2-8 % oxygen, and the characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells have been shown t
PMID 24604674

Growth Inhibition Effects of Isoalantolactone on K562/A02 Cells: Caspase-dependent Apoptotic Pathways, S Phase Arrest, and Downregulation of Bcr/Abl.

Cai H1, Meng X, Li Y, Yang C, Liu Y.
Phytotherapy research : PTR.Phytother Res.2014 May 27. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5182. [Epub ahead of print]
Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, is the active component of Inula helenium (Compositae). It has been reported that isoalantolactone has the capacity to inhibit tumor cell growth through induction of apoptosis. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of isoalantolactone on t
PMID 24865355

On-chip high-throughput manipulation of particles in a dielectrophoresis-active hydrophoretic focuser.

Yan S1, Zhang J1, Li M1, Alici G1, Du H2, Sluyter R3, Li W1.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2014 May 27;4:5060. doi: 10.1038/srep05060.
This paper proposes a novel concept of dielectrophoresis (DEP)-active hydrophoretic focusing of micro-particles and murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. The DEP-active hydrophoretic platform consists of crescent shaped grooves and interdigitated electrodes that generate lateral pressure gradients. Th
PMID 24862936

Japanese Journal

A high concentration of triiodothyronine attenuates the stimulatory effect on hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia K562 cells

, , , , , ,
Endocrine Journal 62(5), 431-440, 2015
… Human erythroleukemia K562 cells were used as an erythroid differentiation model. …
NAID 130005071801

A high concentration of triiodothyronine attenuates the stimulatory effect on hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia K562 cells

, , , , , ,
Endocrine Journal advpub(0), 2015
… Human erythroleukemia K562 cells were used as an erythroid differentiation model. …
NAID 130004770506

Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Megakaryocytes Reduces Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB in Platelets

, , , , , , , , , , , ,
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 18(2), 138-147, 2011
… The objective of this study was to clarify the pleiotropic effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activators on PDGF-BB expression in megakaryocytes and platelets.<BR>Methods and Results: The expression of PPARα in a human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells was clearly detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy. …
NAID 130004444489