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shaped like a ring (同)annulate, annulated, circinate, ringed, ring-shaped, doughnut-shaped
abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)

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《文》環状の
紅斑(こうはん)(炎症などにより皮膚が異常に赤くなること)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 09:10:36」(JST)

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Erythema anulare centrifugum (also known as "Deep gyrate erythema,"^[1] "Erythema perstans,"^[1] "Palpable migrating erythema",^[1] and "Superficial gyrate erythema"^[1]) is a descriptive term for a skin lesion.^[1] The lesions form consists of redness (erythema) in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from the center (centrifugum). EAC was first described by Darier in 1916.^[2]^[3]^[4] Many different terms have been used to classify these types of lesions and it is still controversial on what exactly defines EAC. Some of the types include (deep and superficial) annular erythema, erythema perstans, erythema gyratum perstans, erythema gyratum repens, darier erythema (Deep gyrate erythema & Deep gyrate erythema) and erythema figuratum perstans.

Symptoms

Occurring at any age these lesions appear as raised pink-red ring or bulls-eye marks. They range in size from 0.5–8 cm (0.20–3.15 in). The lesions sometimes increase size and spread over time and may not be complete rings but irregular shapes. Distribution is usually on the thighs and legs but can also appear on the upper extremities, areas not exposed to sunlight, trunk or face. Currently EAC is not known to be contagious, but as many cases are incorrectly diagnosed as EAC, it is difficult to be certain.

Diagnosis

There are no specific tests that can be performed to test for EAC; tests should be performed to rule out other possible diseases such as: pityriasis rosea, tinea corporis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, atopic dermatitis, drug reaction, erythema migrans and other rashes.

Causes

Often no specific cause for the eruptions is found. However, it is sometimes linked to underlying diseases and conditions such as:

Food (including blue cheese or tomatoes).
Contact Dermatitis (ie. cleaning agents, fabric softeners, etc)
Fungal, Bacterial and Viral infections such as sinusitis, tuberculosis, candidiasis or tinea.
Drugs including finasteride,^[5] etizolam (and benzodiazepines), chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oestrogen, penicillin and amitriptyline.
CANCER-sensitivity to malignancy (especially the type known as erythema gyratum perstans, in which there are concentric and whirling rings).
Primary biliary cirrhosis.
Graves disease.
Appendicitis.
Lupus^[6]
Pregnancy (EAC usually disappears/stops soon after delivery of baby).
Hormone (Contraceptive Pill, Stress, Hormone Drugs)
Lyme Disease

Treatment

No treatment is usually needed as they usually go away anywhere from months to years. The lesions may last from anywhere between 4 weeks to 34 years with an average duration of 11 months. If caused by an underlying disease or malignancy, then treating and removing the disease or malignancy will stop the lesions. It usually doesn't require treatment, but topical corticosteroids may be helpful^[7] in reducing redness, swelling and itchiness.

Some supported and not supported methods of having an effect on EAC include:

Photosensitive so it can be moved/reduced with appropriate sunlight.
Vitamin D
Immune system - hence it will increase in size/number when the immune system is low or overloaded.
Hormone Drugs
Disulone
Stress reduction
Topical calcipotriol - a topical vitamin D derivative has been known to be beneficial

Alternative diagnosis

Sarcoidosis
Fungal infection
Lupus erythematosus

Interesting information

It is very rare and estimated to affect 1 in 100,000 per year.^{[citation needed]} Because of its rarity the documentation, cases and information are sparse and not a huge amount is known for certain, meaning that EAC could actually be a set of many un-classified skin lesions. It is known to occur at all ages and all genders equally.^{[citation needed]} Some articles state that women are more likely to be affected than men.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ synd/488 at Who Named It?
^ J. Darier. De l’érythème annulaire centrifuge (érythème papulo-circineé migrateuse et chronique) et de quelques éruptions analogues. Annales de dermatologie et de syphilographie, Paris, 1916-1917, 5: 57-58.
^ Bressler GS, Jones RE (May 1981). "Erythema annulare centrifugum". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 4 (5): 597–602. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(81)70063-X. PMID 7240469.
^ Al Hammadi A, Asai Y, Patt ML, Sasseville D (April 2007). "Erythema annulare centrifugum secondary to treatment with finasteride". J Drugs Dermatol 6 (4): 460–3. PMID 17668547.
^ Weyers W, Diaz-Cascajo C, Weyers I (December 2003). "Erythema annulare centrifugum: results of a clinicopathologic study of 73 patients". Am J Dermatopathol 25 (6): 451–62. doi:10.1097/00000372-200312000-00001. PMID 14631185.
^ Enta T (November 1996). "Dermacase. Erythema annulare centrifugum". Can Fam Physician 42: 2148, 2151. PMC 2146938. PMID 8939316.

External links

Derm Net NZ
The Journal of Family Practice on EAC
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum

UpToDate Contents

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1. 環状皮膚病変が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with annular skin lesions
2. 環状肉芽腫 granuloma annulare
3. 線状IgA水疱性皮膚症 linear iga bullous dermatosis
4. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
5. 皮膚の水疱を有する患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with cutaneous blisters

English Journal

Cutaneous metastasis of inflammatory breast carcinoma mimicking an erythema annulare centrifugum: a sign of locally recurrent cancer.

Sabater V1,2, Ferrando F3, Morera A4, Palomar L5.
Clinical and experimental dermatology.Clin Exp Dermatol.2016 Oct 20. doi: 10.1111/ced.12953. [Epub ahead of print]
Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a clinical reaction pattern that includes lupus erythematosus, spongiotic dermatitis (particularly pityriasis rosea), pseudolymphoma and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. However, it can be the result of cutaneous metastasis by an internal carcinoma. We present the ca
PMID 27766674

Pediatric Erythema Annulare Centrifugum Treated with Oral Fluconazole: A Retrospective Series.

Kruse LL1,2, Kenner-Bell BM3,4, Mancini AJ3,4.
Pediatric dermatology.Pediatr Dermatol.2016 Sep;33(5):501-6. doi: 10.1111/pde.12909. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
OBJECTIVES: Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is an uncommon eruption that may be a hypersensitivity reaction. Treatment of EAC is best accomplished by eliminating the underlying cause. Although many triggers have been reported, the inciting factor is unknown in most patients. We hypothesized that
PMID 27339688

Folliculotropic Cutaneous Metastases and Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa: When Cutaneous Metastases of Breast Carcinoma Are Mistaken for Cutaneous Infections.

Paolino G1, Panetta C, Didona D, Donati M, Donati P.
Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC.Acta Dermatovenerol Croat.2016 Jun;24(2):154-7.
Dear Editor, Cutaneous metastases (CM) are detected in about 0.6-10.4% of patients with an internal malignancy (1-3). Excluding melanoma, breast and lung carcinomas are the main source of CM in women and men, respectively (1,4,5). CM can have different clinical features, and a diagnosis of CM is usu
PMID 27477179

Japanese Journal

Erythema annulare centrifugum simulating erythema gyratum repens

HONMA Masaru,FUJII Mizue,IINUMA Shin,KOMATSU Shigetsuna,ISHIDA YAMAMOTO Akemi,IIZUKA Hajime
Journal of dermatology 38(2), 192-193, 2011-02-01
NAID 10029330441

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「環状紅斑」
関連記事	「annular」

「環状紅斑」

Erythema Anulare Centrifugum
Classification and external resources
Specialty	dermatology
ICD-10	L53.1
ICD-9-CM	695.0
DiseasesDB	29798
eMedicine	derm/131
Patient UK	Erythema annulare centrifugum