同: 上衣細胞

WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/09 22:04:07」(JST)

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Ependyma is the thin epithelium-like lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Ependymal cells

The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells (ependymocytes), a type of glial cell. These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The cells are ciliated simple columnar^[1] epithelium-like cells. Their apical surfaces are covered in a layer of cilia, which circulate CSF around the CNS. Their apical surfaces are also covered with microvilli, which absorb CSF. Ependymal cells also produce CSF. Within the ventricles of the brain, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together form a system called the choroid plexus, which produces the CSF.

Modified tight junctions between ependymal cells control fluid release across the epithelium. This release allows free exchange between CSF and nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord, which is why sampling of CSF (e.g. through a "spinal tap") provides a window to the CNS.

The basal membranes of these cells are characterized by tentacle-like extensions that attach to astrocytes.

Pathology

Ependymoma is a tumor of the ependymal cells most commonly found in the fourth ventricle.

Primary cells

Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm provided evidence that ependymal cells act as reservoir cells in the forebrain, which can be activated after stroke and as in vivo and in vitro stem cells in the spinal cord. However, these cells did not self-renew and were subsequently depleted as they generated new neurons, thus failing to satisfy the requirement for stem cells.^[2]^[3] One study observed that ependymal cells from the lining of the lateral ventricle might be a source for cells which can be transplanted into the cochlea to reverse hearing loss.^[4]

Ependyma and neurodegeneration

In 2004, Milan Radojicic proposed the stem cell niche disruption hypothesis, highlighting the role of local ischemia, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cytotoxic factors in disrupting the ependymal stromal epithelium, along with periependymal stem-progenitor cells, thereby tipping the balance between injury and self-repair (i.e., neurogenesis and gliogenesis) in the central nervous system toward further degeneration over time.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Hitsology, a text in atlas, M. Ross 2011, 6th edition page 367
^ Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J (1999). "Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system". Cell 96 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80956-3. PMID 9989494.
^ Carlén M, Meletis K, Göritz C, Darsalia V, Evergren E, Tanigaki K, Amendola M, Barnabé-Heider F, Yeung MS, Naldini L, Honjo T, Kokaia Z, Shupliakov O, Cassidy RM, Lindvall O, Frisén J. (2009). "Forebrain ependymal cells are Notch-dependent and generate neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke.". Nature Neuroscience 12 (3): 259–267. doi:10.1038/nn.2268. PMID 19234458.
^ "Brain cell hope for hearing loss". BBC News. 2008-12-09. Retrieved 2008-12-09.

External links

Illustrations at ucsf.edu
Atlas at mcg.edu

UpToDate Contents

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5. 皮下蜂窩織炎様T細胞性リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of subcutaneous panniculitis like t cell lymphoma

English Journal

Ependymal ciliary dysfunction and reactive astrocytosis in a reorganized subventricular zone after stroke.

Young CC, van der Harg JM, Lewis NJ, Brooks KJ, Buchan AM, Szele FG.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991).Cereb Cortex.2013 Mar;23(3):647-59. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs049. Epub 2012 Mar 13.
Subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes and ependymal cells are both derived from radial glia and may have similar gliotic reactions after stroke. Diminishing SVZ neurogenesis worsens outcomes in mice, yet the effects of stroke on SVZ astrocytes and ependymal cells are poorly understood. We used mouse
PMID 22414771

Microglia and a Functional Type I IFN Pathway Are Required To Counter HSV-1-Driven Brain Lateral Ventricle Enlargement and Encephalitis.

Conrady CD, Zheng M, van Rooijen N, Drevets DA, Royer D, Alleman A, Carr DJ.SourceDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104;
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2013 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]
HSV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, with mortality rates approaching 30% despite treatment with the antiviral drug of choice, acyclovir. Permanent neurologic deficits are common in patients that survive, but the mechanism leading to this pathology is poorly understood, impedin
PMID 23382563

SOX2 expression is upregulated in adult spinal cord after contusion injury in both oligodendrocyte lineage and ependymal cells.

Lee HJ, Wu J, Chung J, Wrathall JR.SourceDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2013 Feb;91(2):196-210. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23151. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
The upregulation of genes normally associated with development may occur in the adult after spinal cord injury (SCI). To test this, we performed real-time RT-PCR array analysis of mouse spinal cord mRNAs comparing embryonic day (E)14.5 spinal cord with intact adult and adult cord 1 week after a clin
PMID 23169458

Japanese Journal

卵巣原発上衣腫の捺印細胞像

西野勝,小島史好,石田光明,横関典子,小林学,岡部英俊
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 53(6), 488-492, 2014
… 組織標本にて perivascular pseudorosette, ependymal rosette の形成や淡明細胞の増殖, 免疫染色による GFAP 陽性像を認めた. …
NAID 130004885829

Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Coactivators in Ependymal Cells of Male Rats

Iwata Kinuyo,Ozawa Hitoshi
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 47(4), 165-174, 2014
… Many types of neurons and glial cells are known to express GR, but the expression of GR in ependymal cells has yet to be identified. … The present study therefore was undertaken to determine whether ependymal cells express GR and coactivators of GR, such as steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) and p300. …
NAID 130004677404

Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor（AT/RT）の最新知見

岡秀宏
Neuro-Oncologyの進歩 20(1), 12-16, 2014
… We describe the clinicopathological features of the central nervous system （CNS） embryonal tumors mainly Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumors （AT/RTs）, Medulloblastomas （MB） and primitive neuroectodermal tumors （PNETs）.The subtypes of MB are included such as desmoplastic/nodular MB, MB with extensive nodularity, anaplastic MB, and large cell MB. …
NAID 130004648349

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「上衣細胞」
関連記事	「ependymal」「ependyma」「cell」

「上衣細胞」

Ependyma
	Section of central canal of medulla spinalis, showing ependymal and neuroglial cells
	Photomicrograph of normal ependymal cells at 400× magnification in human autopsy tissue
Identifiers
Gray's	p.829
MeSH	A08.186.211.276.460
TA	A14.1.00.022
	Anatomical terminology