WordNet

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) (同)Na, atomic number 11

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ソジウム,ナトリウム(金属元素;化学記号はNa)

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1. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
2. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）におけるナトリウム（FENa）、尿素（FEUrea）、およびその他分子の排泄率 fractional excretion of sodium urea and other molecules in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
3. 腎集合管ナトリウムチャンネルの遺伝的障害：リドル症候群および偽性低アルドステロン症1型 genetic disorders of the collecting tubule sodium channel liddles syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
4. 低ナトリウム血症を有する成人の評価 evaluation of adults with hyponatremia
5. 成人における体液量減少の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of volume depletion in adults

English Journal

Prophylactic effect of egualen sodium, a stable azulene derivative, on gastrointestinal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion, double antiplatelet therapy and loxoprofen in rats.

Amagase K1, Yoshida Y, Hara D, Murakami T, Takeuchi K.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.AbstractWe examined the effect of egualen, a stable azulene derivative, against gastric damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), gastric bleeding induced by double antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (ASA) plus clopidogrel, and small intestinal damage generated by loxoprofen, and investigated the possible mechanisms involved in its protective action. Male C57BL/6 mice or SD rats were used under urethane anesthesia (gastric lesions) or in a conscious (intestinal lesions) state. I/R-induced gastric injury was produced in mice by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. Gastric bleeding was induced in rats by luminal perfusion with 25 mM ASA+50 mM HCl for 2 hours in the presence of clopidogrel (30 mg/kg). To produce small intestinal lesions the rats were given loxoprofen (60 mg/kg) p.o. and killed 24 hours later. Egualen was given i.d. 60 min before I/R or ASA perfusion, while given p.o. twice 30 min before and 6 hours after loxoprofen. Egualen significantly prevented the I/R-induced gastric damage, and the effect was equivalent to that of seratrodast (TXA2 antagonist). This agent also significantly suppressed gastric bleeding induced by ASA plus clopidogrel, similar to PGE2. Likewise, egualen significantly prevented loxoprofen-induced damage in the small intestine, accompanied by an increase in the secretion of mucus and suppression of bacterial invasion as well as iNOS expression. These results suggest that egualen has a prophylactic effect against various lesions in the gastrointestinal mucosa, probably through its characteristic pharmacological properties, such as TXA2 antagonistic action, local mucosal protection, and stimulation of mucus secretion.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.J Physiol Pharmacol.2013 Feb;64(1):65-75.
We examined the effect of egualen, a stable azulene derivative, against gastric damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), gastric bleeding induced by double antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (ASA) plus clopidogrel, and small intestinal damage generated by loxoprofen, and investigated the possibl
PMID 23568973

A ring expansion-annulation strategy for the synthesis of substituted azulenes. Preparation and Suzuki coupling reactions of 1-azulenyl triflates.

Kane JL Jr1, Shea KM, Crombie AL, Danheiser RL.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.Abstract[structure: see text]. A new strategy for the synthesis of substituted azulenes is reported, based on the reaction of beta'-bromo-alpha-diazo ketones with rhodium carboxylates. The key transformation involves intramolecular addition of a rhodium carbenoid to an arene pi-bond, electrocyclic ring opening, beta-elimination, tautomerization, and trapping to produce 1-hydroxyazulene derivatives. The synthetic utility of the method is enhanced by the ability of the triflate derivatives to participate in Suzuki coupling reactions, as illustrated in a synthesis of the antiulcer drug egualen sodium (KT1-32).
Organic letters.Org Lett.2001 Apr 5;3(7):1081-4.
[structure: see text]. A new strategy for the synthesis of substituted azulenes is reported, based on the reaction of beta'-bromo-alpha-diazo ketones with rhodium carboxylates. The key transformation involves intramolecular addition of a rhodium carbenoid to an arene pi-bond, electrocyclic ring open
PMID 11277800

Inhibitory effect of egualen sodium: a new stable derivative of azulene on histamine release from mast cell-like cells in the stomach.

Akagi M1, Matsui N, Mochizuki S, Tasaka K.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan. akagi@ph.bunri-u.ac.jpAbstractWe studied the inhibitory effect of egualen sodium (ES) (sodium 3-ethyl-7-isopropyl-1-azulenesulfonate 1/3 hydrate, KT1-32), a new derivative and more stable compound than azulene, on histamine release from the mucosal histaminocytes and elucidated the mechanism for this action. ES prevented the histamine release from isolated mast cell-like cells of the guinea pig stomach induced by A23187 in a dose-dependent fashion. ES dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from lung pieces of sensitized guinea pigs induced by an antigen-antibody reaction. ES also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 or antigen-antibody reaction. ES exhibited the membrane stabilizing activity on DPPC liposomes. These findings suggest that ES may prevent histamine release from histaminocytes induced by various stimuli and the stabilizing action of the cell membrane may be responsible for the inhibition of histamine release.
Pharmacology.Pharmacology.2001;63(4):203-9.
We studied the inhibitory effect of egualen sodium (ES) (sodium 3-ethyl-7-isopropyl-1-azulenesulfonate 1/3 hydrate, KT1-32), a new derivative and more stable compound than azulene, on histamine release from the mucosal histaminocytes and elucidated the mechanism for this action. ES prevented the his
PMID 11729358

Japanese Journal

エグアレンナトリウム(アズロキサ^【○!R】錠・顆粒)の小腸損傷抑制作用機序

野々山兼市
潰瘍 = Ulcer research 39(1), 1-4, 2012-05-20
NAID 10030578529

アスピリン誘起ラット小腸傷害に対する胃粘膜防御薬エグアレンナトリウムの効果

野々山兼市,岡部進
潰瘍 = Ulcer research 37(1), 97-102, 2010-05-20
NAID 10027081522

Therapeutic effect of egualen sodium (KT1-32), a new antiulcer agent, on chronic gastritis induced by sodium taurocholate in rats

MOCHIZUKI Seiichiro,MATSUMOTO Makoto,WAKABAYASHI Shuichi,KOSAKAI Kazuhiro,TOMIYAMA Akira,KISHIMOTO Shinya
Journal of gastroenterology 31(6), 785-792, 1996-12-01
NAID 10007028067