WordNet

a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
an inflexible and unchanging state; "the calcification of negotiations"
tissue hardened by deposition of lime salts

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石灰化 / (生物の組織内などの)石灰沈着;　石灰像

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/18 20:42:15」(JST)

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Amyloidosis, dystrophic calcification

Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage,^[1] including as a consequence of medical device implantation. Dystrophic calcification can occur even if the amount of calcium in the blood is not elevated. (A systemic mineral imbalance would elevate calcium levels in the blood and all tissues and cause metastatic calcification.) Basophilic calcium salt deposits aggregate, first in the mitochondria, and progressively throughout the cell. These calcifications are an indication of previous microscopic cell injury. It occurs in areas of cell necrosis in which activated phosphatases bind calcium ions to phospholipids in the membrane.

Calcification can occur in dead or degenerated tissue.

Calcification in dead tissue

Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification.
Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified.
Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps.
Infarcts may undergo D.C.
Thrombi, especially in veins, may produce phlebolithis.
Haematomas in the vicinity of bones may undergo D.C.
Dead parasites like schistosoma eggs may calcify.
Congenital toxoplasmosis or rubella may be seen on X-ray as calcifications in the brain.

Density-Dependent Colour Scanning Electron Micrograph SEM (DDC-SEM) of cardiovascular calcification, showing in orange calcium phosphate spherical particles (denser material) and, in green, the extracellular matrix (less dense material).^[2]

Calcification in degenerated tissue

Dense scars may undergo hyaline degeneration and calcification.
Atheroma in aorta and coronaries frequently undergo calcification.^[2]^[3]
Cysts can show calcification.
Calcinosis cutis is condition in which there are irregular nodular deposits of calcium salts in skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Senile degenerative changes may be accompanied by calcification.
The inherited disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum may lead to angioid streaks with calcification of Bruch's membrane, the elastic tissue below the retinal ring.

References

^ "Cell Injury".
^ ^a ^b Bertazzo, S. et al. Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification. Nature Materials 12, 576-583 (2013).
^ Miller, J. D. Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins. Nature Materials 12, 476-478 (2013).

UpToDate Contents

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1. カルシフィラキシス（calcific uremic arteriolopathy） calciphylaxis calcific uremic arteriolopathy
2. Calcinosis cutis: Management
3. Calcinosis cutis: Etiology and patient evaluation
4. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease
5. 僧帽弁輪石灰化 mitral annular calcification

English Journal

Functional rescue of ABCC6 deficiency by 4-phenylbutyrate therapy reduces dystrophic calcification in Abcc6-/- mice.

Pomozi V1, Brampton C2, Szeri F3, Dedinszki D3, Kozák E3, van de Wetering K4, Hopkins H2, Martin L5, Váradi A3, Le Saux O6.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.J Invest Dermatol.2016 Nov 5. pii: S0022-202X(16)32624-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.035. [Epub ahead of print]
Soft tissue calcification is associated with aging, common conditions such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia and with certain genetic disorders. ABCC6 is an efflux transporter primarily expressed in liver facilitating the release of ATP from hepatocytes. Within the liver vasculature, ATP is conver
PMID 27826008

Dystrophic Calcification in the Pelvis.

Cheung VY1.
Journal of minimally invasive gynecology.J Minim Invasive Gynecol.2016 Nov - Dec;23(7):1023. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
PMID 26973140

Dystrophic calcification of the ankle joint following intra-articular corticosteroid injections.

Kim E1, Oddy MJ1.
BMJ case reports.BMJ Case Rep.2016 Sep 7;2016. pii: bcr2016216952. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216952.
PMID 27605199

Japanese Journal

Medial vascular calcification: a new concept challenging the classical paradigm of dystrophic calcification

Hasegawa Tomoka,Sasaki Muneteru,Liu Zhusheng,Yamada Tamaki,Yamamoto Tomomaya,Hongo Hiromi,Suzuki Reiko,Miyamoto Yukina,Yamamoto Tsuneyuki,de Freitas Paulo Henrique Luiz,Li Minqi,Amizuka Norio
北海道歯学雑誌 34(1), 2-10, 2013-09
… The calcifying nodules seem to trigger calcification in the elastic lamellae, without promoting it in the collagen fibrils inside the kl/kl aorta. … Also, mineral deposition was observed within the intravascular amorphous organic component, suggesting dystrophic calcification. …
NAID 120005326784

被膜に著明な石灰化と骨形成を認めた顎下腺多形腺腫の1例

米川敦子,岩井聡一,小川芙美 [他]
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 58(4), 217-221, 2012-04
NAID 40019309388

上顎に生じた象牙質形成性幻影細胞腫の1例

武田幸彦,岡本祐一,佐藤英明,天内孝昌,二宮一智,又賀泉
日本口腔腫瘍学会誌 24(3), 121-127, 2012
象牙質形成性幻影細胞腫（Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor：以下DGCT）は以前には石灰化歯原性嚢胞の充実型と呼ばれていたが，新WHO分類で嚢胞状の形態を示す石灰化嚢胞性歯原性腫瘍（calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor：以下CCOT）と充実性に増殖するDGCTの2型に分けられた。今回右側上顎に発症したDGCTの1例を経験した。組織学的な特徴 …
NAID 130001668631