double reed

　

WordNet

1. a pair of joined reeds that vibrate together to produce the sound in some woodwinds
2. a woodwind that has a pair of joined reeds that vibrate together (同)double_reed
3. used of flowers having more than the usual number of petals in crowded or overlapping arrangements; "double chrysanthemums have many rows of petals and are usually spherical or hemispherical"
4. increase twofold; "The population doubled within 50 years" (同)duplicate
5. a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; "he hit a double to deep centerfield" (同)two-base hit, two-bagger, two-baser
6. someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); "he could be Gingrichs double"; "shes the very image of her mother" (同)image, look-alike
7. a stand-in for movie stars to perform dangerous stunts; "his first job in Hollywood was as a double for Clark Gable" (同)stunt man, stunt woman
8. a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
9. twice as great or many; "ate a double portion"; "the dose is doubled"; "a twofold increase" (同)doubled, twofold, two-fold
10. consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs; "an egg with a double yolk"; "a double (binary) star"; "double doors"; "dual controls for pilot and copilot"; "duple (or double) time consists of two (or a multiple of two) beats to a measure" (同)dual, duple
11. having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; "a double (or dual) role for an actor"; "the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence"- R.W.Emerson; "every episode has its double and treble meaning"-Frederick Harrison (同)dual, twofold, two-fold, treble, threefold, three-fold
12. having two meanings with intent to deceive; "a sly double meaning"; "spoke with forked tongue" (同)forked
13. bridge: make a demand for (a card or suit)
14. do double duty; serve two purposes or have two functions; "She doubles as his wife and secretary"
15. downward and forward; "he was bent double with pain"
16. hit a two-base hit
17. large enough for two; "a double bed"; "a double room"
18. two together; "some people sleep better double"
19. tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites
20. a vibrator consisting of a thin strip of stiff material that vibrates to produce a tone when air streams over it; "the clarinetist fitted a new reed onto his mouthpiece" (同)vibrating reed
21. United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920) (同)John Reed
22. United States physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes (1851-1902) (同)Walter Reed
23. increase by a factor of two; "doubling with a computer took no time at all"
24. raising the stakes in a card game by a factor of 2; "I decided his double was a bluff" (同)double
25. the syllable naming the second (supertonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)ray

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (数量・強さ・重さ・価値などが)『2倍の』,倍の / 『二重の』,二様の;複の,対の,2人用の / 表裏のある,二心ある / (意味が)二様にとれる,あいまいな / (花が)八重の,重弁の / 『2倍に』,2倍だけ(twice) / 二重に,二様に / 対をなして,二人いっしょに / 〈U〉『2倍』[の数量・価額など] / 〈C〉2倍のもの / 〈C〉よく似た人(物),生き写し / 〈C〉(映画の)代役 / 《複数形》《単数扱い》(テニスなどの)ダブルス / 〈C〉(獲物が追っ手を逃れるときなどの)逆走,急転回 / 〈C〉2塁打 / 〈C〉(ブリッジの点の)倍加 / 〈C〉(競馬・ドッグレースの)重勝式のかけ,複式 / …‘を'『2倍にする』 / …‘を'『二つ折りにする』 / …‘の'2倍の数(量)がある / 〈二役〉‘を'ひとりで演ずる / 〈船が〉〈岬〉‘を'回る / 『2倍になる』 / (…の役を)兼ねる《+『as』+『名』》 / (急に)取って返す,逆戻りする《+『back』》 / 二つ折りになる / (ブリッジで)相手のせり高を倍加する / 2塁打を打つ
2. 『アシ』,ヨシ;《複数形で》(屋根ふきに用いる)乾燥したアシ(ヨシ)の茎 / アシ笛,牧笛(アシなどの茎で作ったもの) / リード,舌(クラリネットやオーボエなどの吹口についている薄片) / リード楽(リードの震動で音を出す管楽器;クラリネットやオーボエなど)
3. レ(全音階の第2音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/11 03:44:47」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. The term double reed comes from the fact that there are two pieces of cane vibrating against each other. A single reed consists of one piece of cane which vibrates against a mouthpiece made of metal, hardened rubber, resin, or some other material. The term double reeds can also refer collectively to the class of instruments which use double reeds.

Construction

Bassoon reeds

There are several differences, the most obvious being size, between various types of double reeds, for example between that for a bassoon and that for an oboe or a cor anglais (sometimes called an English horn).

Arundo donax cane is used for the making of double reeds. For bassoon reeds, tubes of this cane are first split lengthwise then gouged to a certain thickness. The chosen piece of cane is then cut to shape and the centre portion is thinned (profiled). The cane is folded end to end to form the two blades of the reed. The unprofiled end of the cane is shaped into a tube with the aid of a mandrel and bound with three strategically positioned wires. Additional binding using thread is added. The folded tip is cut off to allow the blades to vibrate and final adjustments to the interior of the reed using a reamer, and to the exterior using a reed-scraping knife, are carried out. The reed is then ready to fit to the bocal of the bassoon.

The construction of double reeds for the oboe family of instruments is similar in principle: like the bassoon's reeds, they consist of two pieces of Arundo donax cane fastened together with an opening at the tip. However, because the oboe does not have a bocal, the cane must be fastened to a metal tube (the staple), the lower half of which is normally surrounded by a piece of cork. The staple is then inserted into the farrow at the upper end of the oboe.

There are many different methods of making reeds and many variations of design have been developed. Players can buy reeds either ready-made, or in various stages of formation, such as part-scraped, reed blanks, or buy the staples and cane separately. Cane is sold in several forms: as tubes, gouged, gouged and shaped, or gouged and shaped and profiled. Bassoon cane has the further option of being profiled before purchase. Cane from several different regions is used in reed making, traditionally from southern France. There are also many options with regard to staples, shaping equipment and so forth which all have a subtle effect on the tone quality a reed will produce.

Playing a Double Reed

A bassoon reed

Bassoon double reeds are wider than oboe double reeds; they're also shorter and thus do not need such a tight embouchure in order to make a sound. Most double reed embouchures are the same. Players pull their lips over their teeth to protect the reed from their teeth.

List of instruments which use double reeds

Main Western orchestral instruments

• Bassoon
  • Contraforte
  • Tenoroon
  • Semi contrabassoon
  • Contrabassoon (Double bassoon)
• Heckelphone
  • Piccolo heckelphone
• Oboe
  • Piccolo oboe
  • Oboe d'amore
  • Cor anglais (English horn)
  • Oboe da caccia
  • Bass oboe
• Sarrusophone
  • Contrabass Sarrusophone

Period instruments

Instruments where the reed is enclosed in a windcap

• Cornamuse
• Crumhorn
• Kortholt
• Rauschpfeife
• Hirtenschalmei ?

Instruments where the reed is not enclosed in a windcap

• baroque bassoon
• baroque oboe
• dulcian
• oboe da caccia
• rackett
• shawm
• sordun

Other instruments

• bagpipes
• bombard
• duduk
• dulzaina
• guan
• gyaling
• hichiriki
• hojok
• kèn
• nadaswaram
• organ
• piffero
• pi nai (used in piphat)
• piri
• shehnai
• sralai
• sopila
• suona
• surnay
• tangmuri
• tarogato (early)
• tenora
• tible

Double reed societies

• International Double Reed Society
• British Double Reed Society

References

External links

•  Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911). "Reed Instruments". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Reed aerophones
Double reed	Cylindrical bore Balaban Chirimia Duduk Guan Piri Conical bore Bassoon Bombard English horn Gralla Hne Kèn Oboe Oboe d'amore Piston Rhaita Shawm Sopila Taepyeongso
Single reed	Cylindrical bore Alboka Arghul Chalumeau Clarinet Diplica Launeddas Mijwiz Pibgorn Reclam de xeremies Sipsi Xaphoon Zhaleika Conical bore Aulochrome Heckel-clarina Heckelphone-clarinet Octavin Saxophone Tárogató
Free reed	Single Bawu Bullroarer Party horn Pitch pipe Sets Accordion Claviola Couesnophone Harmonica Chromatic Diatonic Richter-tuned Tremolo Hulusi Khene Lusheng Mangtong Melodica Organetto Physharmonica Pump organ Saenghwang Sheng Shō Triola Yu
Other	Bore Quadruple reed Reed Tone hole

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. リードスタンバーグ細胞およびホジキンリンパ腫の病因 the reed sternberg cell and the pathogenesis of hodgkin lymphoma
• 2. 古典型ホジキンリンパ腫の疫学、病理学的特徴、および診断 epidemiology pathologic features and diagnosis of classical hodgkin lymphoma
• 3. 遺伝性腎癌症候群 hereditary kidney cancer syndromes
• 4. 子宮平滑筋腫（子宮筋腫）の変異型 variants of uterine leiomyomas fibroids
• 5. 平滑筋肉腫 cutaneous leiomyomatosis

English Journal

• Can we use DNA triple helices as treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus?

• Mikita CP1, Padlan EA2.Author information 1Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Allergy/Immunology/Immunizations Service, 4954 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA. Electronic address: cecilia.p.mikita.civ@health.mil.2The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease characterized by a variable clinical course and is associated with the presence of numerous autoantibodies. Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA are highly specific for SLE and are directly associated with distinct clinical manifestations of the disease, specifically lupus nephritis. Examination of the sequences and the three-dimensional structures of autoantibodies specific for nucleic acids, confirms the presence of positively charged amino acids which could interact with the phosphate groups of self DNA. We hypothesize that DNA triple-helices, which can be constructed using short DNA sequences, may be useful in decreasing the clinical manifestations of SLE by inhibiting anti-dsDNA autoantibodies.
• Medical hypotheses.Med Hypotheses.2014 Apr;82(4):457-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.024. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease characterized by a variable clinical course and is associated with the presence of numerous autoantibodies. Autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA are highly specific for SLE and are directly associated with distinct clinical manifestations
• PMID 24513158

• Comparisons of Shewanella strains based on genome annotations, modeling, and experiments.

• Ong WK, Vu TT, Lovendahl KN, Llull JM, Serres MH, Romine MF, Reed JL.AbstractBACKGROUND: Shewanella is a genus of facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria that have highly adaptable metabolism which allows them to thrive in diverse environments. This quality makes them an attractive bacterial target for research in bioremediation and microbial fuel cell applications. Constraint-based modeling is a useful tool for helping researchers gain insights into the metabolic capabilities of these bacteria. However, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is the only strain with a genome-scale metabolic model constructed out of 21 sequenced Shewanella strains.
• BMC systems biology.BMC Syst Biol.2014 Mar 12;8(1):31. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Shewanella is a genus of facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria that have highly adaptable metabolism which allows them to thrive in diverse environments. This quality makes them an attractive bacterial target for research in bioremediation and microbial fuel cell applications.
• PMID 24621294

• Menopausal quality of life: RCT of yoga, exercise, and omega-3 supplements.

• Reed SD1, Guthrie KA2, Newton KM3, Anderson GL2, Booth-Laforce C4, Caan B5, Carpenter JS6, Cohen LS7, Dunn AL8, Ensrud KE9, Freeman EW10, Hunt JR2, Joffe H11, Larson JC2, Learman LA12, Rothenberg R13, Seguin RA14, Sherman KJ3, Sternfeld BS5, Lacroix AZ2.Author information 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: reeds@u.washington.edu.2Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.3Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA.4School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.5Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA.6School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.7Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.8Klein Buendel, Inc, Golden, CO.9Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, and Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.10Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.11Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.12Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.13Essential Yoga Therapy, Fall City, WA.14Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.AbstractOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3 nonhormonal therapies for the improvement of menopause-related quality of life in women with vasomotor symptoms.
• American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.Am J Obstet Gynecol.2014 Mar;210(3):244.e1-244.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3 nonhormonal therapies for the improvement of menopause-related quality of life in women with vasomotor symptoms.STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a 12-week 3 × 2 randomized, controlled, factorial design trial. Peri- and postmenopausa
• PMID 24215858

Japanese Journal

• Reed-Solomon符号の消失誤り訂正による硬入力軟出力復号を用いたターボ復号法の一考察(情報通信基礎サブソサイエティ合同研究会)

• 前原 進也,クルカスキー ブライアン,山口 和彦 [他],小林 欣吾
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. ISEC, 情報セキュリティ 106(597), 155-160, 2007-03-09
• … 深宇宙通信などでも用いられているReed-Solomon符号と畳込み符号による直列連接符号化・復号方式において,近年畳込み符号に変わりターボ符号の利用が考えられている.ターボ符号とReed-Solomon符号の軟入力軟出力復号を利用することによりさらなる誤り率特性の向上が見込めるが,その反面複雑な構造や復号計算量の増大を引き起こしてしまいこれは実用的な面において改善しなければならない問題であ …
• NAID 110006250709

• Reed-Solomon符号の消失誤り訂正による硬入力軟出力復号を用いたターボ復号法の一考察(情報通信基礎サブソサイエティ合同研究会)

• 前原 進也,クルカスキー ブライアン,山口 和彦 [他],小林 欣吾
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. WBS, ワイドバンドシステム 106(599), 155-160, 2007-03-09
• … 深宇宙通信などでも用いられているReed-Solomon符号と畳込み符号による直列連接符号化・復号方式において,近年畳込み符号に変わりターボ符号の利用が考えられている.ターボ符号とReed-Solomon符号の軟入力軟出力復号を利用することによりさらなる誤り率特性の向上が見込めるが,その反面複雑な構造や復号計算量の増大を引き起こしてしまいこれは実用的な面において改善しなければならない問題であ …
• NAID 110006250159

• Reed-Solomon符号の消失誤り訂正による硬入力軟出力復号を用いたターボ復号法の一考察(情報通信基礎サブソサイエティ合同研究会)

• 前原 進也,クルカスキー ブライアン,山口 和彦 [他],小林 欣吾
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. IT, 情報理論 106(595), 155-160, 2007-03-09
• … 深宇宙通信などでも用いられているReed-Solomon符号と畳込み符号による直列連接符号化・復号方式において,近年畳込み符号に変わりターボ符号の利用が考えられている.ターボ符号とReed-Solomon符号の軟入力軟出力復号を利用することによりさらなる誤り率特性の向上が見込めるが,その反面複雑な構造や復号計算量の増大を引き起こしてしまいこれは実用的な面において改善しなければならない問題であ …
• NAID 110006248133

Related Links

• Double-Reed

Double-Reed .... HighEnd Audio HomeCinema Bassoon Double-Reed .... HighEnd Audio HomeCinema Bassoon ...

• Boston Double Reed, Inc.

Boston's double reed professionals serving Boston and the New England area with oboe and English horn repairs and supplies, BDR, オーボエ修理, オーボエ販売 ... 255 Kelton Street. Unit #5 Allston, MA 02134 U.S.A TEL/FAX 617 ...

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関連記事	「double」「doubling」

「double」

　　[★]

• adj.

同

outlet right ventricle

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「doubling」

　　[★]

• n.

• 倍加

関

double