- 関
- bivalent
WordNet
- used of homologous chromosomes associated in pairs in synapsis (同)double
- having a valence of two or having two valences (同)divalent
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (化学分子が)2価の(第一鉄イオンなど)
- 二価の(二つの原子価を持つ)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/09/09 13:40:13」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
In chemistry, a divalent (sometimes bivalent[1]) element, ion, functional group or molecule has a valence of two. Valency is the number of chemical bonds formed, which may be covalent, polar covalent or ionic.
Examples:
- Divalent elements include calcium and sulfur. While the bonds formed by calcium are ionic, sulfur can form covalent bonds as in H2S or ionic bonds as in Na2S.
- Divalent anions have a charge of −2, for example S2− and SO42−.
- Divalent cations have a charge of +2, for example Fe2+, Ca2+ and Hg22+.
- Divalent functional groups include the imino (=NH) and carbonyl (=O).
Water Hardness
Main article: Water hardness
The divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ contribute to the properties of water that cause it to be hard, such as the formation of limescale.[2]
See also
- Valency (chemistry)
- Valence electron
References
- ^ Explanation on numerical prefixes
- ^ World Health Organization Hardness in Drinking-Water, 2003
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effect of divalent minerals on the bioaccessibility of pure carotenoids and on physical properties of gastro-intestinal fluids.
- Corte-Real J1, Iddir M2, Soukoulis C2, Richling E3, Hoffmann L2, Bohn T4.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):546-53. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.075. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
- During digestion, high concentrations of divalent minerals (DMs) can lead to insoluble lipid-soap complex formation, hampering carotenoid bioaccessibility. The effect of varying concentrations (0-1000mg/L) of calcium, magnesium, zinc and sodium (control) on the bioaccessibility of lutein, neoxanthin
- PMID 26616987
- NMR-based identification of the phenolic profile of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries). Isolation and structural determination of a novel N-feruloyl tyramine dimer as the most abundant antioxidant polyphenol of goji berries.
- Forino M1, Tartaglione L2, Dell'Aversano C2, Ciminiello P2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:1254-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.129. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
- Biological properties of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries) have been ascribed to their high content of nutrients and phenolics. Comprehensive studies aimed at unambiguously identifying the phenolic components in goji berries are still lacking. In this paper, we report on the isolation and NMR
- PMID 26471679
- Engineering metal-binding sites of bacterial CusF to enhance Zn/Cd accumulation and resistance by subcellular targeting.
- Yu P1, Yuan J1, Zhang H2, Deng X3, Ma M1, Zhang H4.
- Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Jan 25;302:275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.054. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
- The periplasmic protein CusF acts as a metallochaperone to mediate Cu resistance in Escherichia coli. CusF does not contain cysteine residues and barely binds to divalent cations. Here, we addressed effects of cysteine-substitution mutant (named as mCusF) of CusF on zinc/cadmium (Zn/Cd) accumulation
- PMID 26476315
Japanese Journal
- Solvation structure for Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes in [P2225][NTf2] ionic liquids investigated by Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculation
- Design and exploration of semiconductors from first principles: A review of recent advances
- Selective digestion of Ba
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- 関
- divalent
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- 英
- divalent、bivalent