WordNet

used of homologous chromosomes associated in pairs in synapsis (同)double
having a valence of two or having two valences (同)divalent
uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow; "was ambivalent about having children"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/28 03:47:16」(JST)

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Immunization with recombinant bivalent chimera r-Cpae confers protection against alpha toxin and enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A in murine model.

Shreya D1, Uppalapati SR1, Kingston JJ2, Sripathy MH1, Batra HV1.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2015 May;65(1):51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Clostridium perfringens type A, an anaerobic pathogen is the most potent cause of soft tissue infections like gas gangrene and enteric diseases like food poisoning and enteritis. The disease manifestations are mediated via two important exotoxins, viz. myonecrotic alpha toxin (αC) and enterotoxin (
PMID 25645504

Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is a marker of osteoblastic differentiation stage and is not silenced by DNA methylation in osteosarcoma.

Baker EK1, Taylor S2, Gupte A2, Chalk AM3, Bhattacharya S3, Green AC3, Martin TJ4, Strbenac D5, Robinson MD6, Purton LE3, Walkley CR7.
Bone.Bone.2015 Apr;73:223-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.063. Epub 2015 Jan 5.
Wnt pathway targeting is of high clinical interest for treating bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis. These therapies inhibit the action of negative regulators of osteoblastic Wnt signaling. The report that Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) was epigenetically silenced via promoter DNA methylation i
PMID 25571841

Garattini L1, Curto A, van de Vooren K.
Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research.Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res.2015 Apr;15(2):191-4. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2015.1023297. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is closely related to cervical cancer. In 2007, the EMA approved two vaccines, a bivalent and a quadrivalent one, launched at three-dose schedules and very high prices worldwide. We describe what happened in the EU and what might change in the near future from an econo
PMID 25739553

Brendish NJ1, Read RC.
Expert review of vaccines.Expert Rev Vaccines.2015 Apr;14(4):493-503. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1015997. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
With the successful development of meningococcal vaccines against other serogroups, disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B now accounts for a disproportionate frequency compared with other serogroups, particularly in the US and Europe. Infants and adolescents bear the highest incidence
PMID 25703792

High Prevalence and Genotype Diversity of Anal HPV Infection among MSM in Northern Thailand

Supindham Taweewat,Chariyalertsak Suwat,Utaipat Utaiwan,Miura Toshiyuki,Ruanpeng Darin,Chotirosniramit Nuntisa,Kosashunhanan Natthapol,Sugandhavesa Patcharaphan,Saokhieo Pongpun,Songsupa Radchanok,Siriaunkgul Sumalee,Wongthanee Antika
PLOS ONE 10(5), e0124499, 2015-05-01
… Of the 197 specimens, 36% (70) had HPV types 16 and/or 18 in the bivalent vaccine, compared to 48% (95) with ≥1 of types 16/18/06/11 in the quadrivalent, 56% (111) for 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 in the 7-valent, and 64% (126) for 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/06/11 in the 9-valent. …
NAID 120005615576

有我洋香,田中美穂
分析化学 64(5), 349-358, 2015
エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析法（ESI-MS）を用い，ケイ酸と金属イオンの錯体の溶存状態を正イオン，負イオンの両イオンについて観測した．金属塩化物（MCl2）溶液及びケイ酸とMCl2の溶液において，検出された化学種を比較し，ESI-MS内における反応機構を推測した上で，錯体の安定性について新たな情報を得た．正イオンにおいては，金属元素による加水分解のされやすさを示す結果が得られた．MCl2溶 …
NAID 130005075454

Cytogenetical Investigations in Colchicine-Induced Tetraploids of Brassica fruticulosa: An Important Wild Relative of Cultivated Brassicas

Kumar Arun,Singh Binay Kumar,Meena Hari Singh,Ram Bhagirath,Singh Vijay Veer,Singh Dhiraj
CYTOLOGIA 80(2), 223-230, 2015
… Cytologically, among all the associations, bivalent chromosome associations were observed more frequently (7.20 to 8.76 per cell) in various plants. …
NAID 130005074306