WordNet

put at a disadvantage; hinder, harm; "This rule clearly disadvantages me" (同)disfavor, disfavour
the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position

PrepTutorEJDIC

恵まれない,不利な立場にいる
〈C〉『不利な立場』(状態) / 〈U〉『不利』,不利益;(名声・信用などの)損傷,損失

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/04 21:22:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The "disadvantaged" is a generic term for individuals or groups of people who:

Face special problems such as physical or mental disability^[1]^[2]
Lack money or economic support^[3]
Are politically deemed to be without sufficient power or other means of influence^{[citation needed]}

Economically disadvantaged

In common usage "the disadvantaged" is a generic term for those "from lower-income backgrounds" or "the Disadvantaged Poor".^[3] The "economically disadvantaged" is a term used by government institutions in for example allocating free school meals to "a student who is a member of a household that meets the income eligibility guidelines for free or reduced-price meals (less than or equal to 185% of Federal Poverty Guidelines)"^[4]^[5] or business grants.^[6]

The "disadvantaged" is often applied in a third world context and typically relate to women with reduced "upward mobility"^[3] suffering social exclusion and having limited access to natural resources and economic opportunities.^[3] They are often landless or marginal farmers operating on the most unproductive land.^[3] Statistically a person born into poverty is likely to die there and have children who live powerless as well.^{[citation needed]}

According to Paul Krugman in an October 2002 article titled "about the distribution of wealth",^[7] there is even more of a divide between the classes today than in the 1920s, meaning that the disadvantaged are becoming more economically disadvantaged. The current economy in the United States is one that has divided the rich and the poor, with the rich taking the bulk of the gains in productivity of the last several decades.^{[citation needed]} The majority of those termed as disadvantaged live in the developing world with no or insufficient readily available running water, electricity or sanitation.^{[citation needed]}

Many disadvantaged groups are also not recognized as disadvantaged, thus giving a disadvantage when they are denied access for tools of self-sufficiency. One example is gender. Such groups are low Socio-economic status and racialized males, especially non-custodial fathers, as well as women choosing traditional gender roles.

Disadvantaged area

Many governments use Disadvantaged area as a designation for various "problem" areas. In the UK "disadvantaged area" is a term used for an area where there is a need "to stimulate the physical, economic and social regeneration" by attracting development and encouraging the purchase of residential and commercial properties^[8] in special provisions for Stamp Tax relief^[9] and for areas where health is an issue.^[10] In the United States The "Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Act"^[11] allowed qualifying hospitals to employ temporary foreign workers as Registered Nurses (RNs).

References

^ [1]
^ [2]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kingdom of Nepal: Economic and Social Inclusion of the Disadvantaged Poor through Livelihood Enhancement with Micro-irrigation (Financed by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund), March 2006 [3]
^ Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, "Economically Disadvantaged Status Collection and Reporting", [4]
^ [5]
^ [6]
^ New York Times, "the distribution of wealth"
^ [7]
^ The Stamp Duty (Disadvantaged Areas) Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/3747)
^ UK department of Health Press Release, "Health trainers for disadvantaged areas", Published, Thursday 11 August 2005, Reference number: 2005/0285
^ The Nursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Act of 1999 (NRDAA)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. D型肝炎ウイルス感染の病因、疫学、自然経過、および臨床症状 pathogenesis epidemiology natural history and clinical manifestations of hepatitis d virus infection
2. 神経筋障害および胸壁障害のある患者における睡眠の影響 the effect of sleep in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
3. クラミジア・トラコマティス感染症の疫学 epidemiology of chlamydia trachomatis infections
4. 女性受刑者に対する妊婦管理 prenatal care for incarcerated women
5. 言語発達を含む萌芽的読み書き emergent literacy including language development

English Journal

Validation of research trajectory 1 of an Exposome framework: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene confers enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection.

Clark RS1, Pellom ST2, Booker B3, Ramesh A4, Zhang T5, Shanker A4, Maguire M1, Juarez PD6, Patricia MJ6, Langston MA7, Lichtveld MY8, Hood DB9.
Environmental research.Environ Res.2016 Apr;146:173-84. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.027. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
The exposome provides a framework for understanding elucidation of an uncharacterized molecular mechanism conferring enhanced susceptibility of macrophage membranes to bacterial infection after exposure to the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene, [B(a)P]. The fundamental requirement in activati
PMID 26765097

Trends in job satisfaction among German nurses from 1990 to 2012.

Alameddine M1, Bauer JM2, Richter M2, Sousa-Poza A3.
Journal of health services research & policy.J Health Serv Res Policy.2016 Apr;21(2):101-8. doi: 10.1177/1355819615614045. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
OBJECTIVE: Improving the job satisfaction of nurses is essential to enhance their productivity and retention and to improve patient care. Our aim was to analyse trends in German nurses' job satisfaction to enhance understanding of the nursing labour market and inform future policies.METHODS: We used
PMID 26608192

Mediating effects of resistance training skill competency on health-related fitness and physical activity: the ATLAS cluster randomised controlled trial.

Smith JJ1, Morgan PJ1, Plotnikoff RC1, Stodden DF2, Lubans DR1.
Journal of sports sciences.J Sports Sci.2016 Apr;34(8):772-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1069383. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of resistance training skill competency on percentage of body fat, muscular fitness and physical activity among a sample of adolescent boys participating in a school-based obesity prevention intervention. Participants were 361 adolescent
PMID 26194449

Japanese Journal

Intergenerational Land Transfer in Rural Cambodia since the Late 1980s: Special Attention to the Effect of Labor Migration

矢倉研二郎
Southeast Asian Studies 4(1), 3-42, 2015-04-29
… However, landless children are in a disadvantaged economic situation because they are also less likely to receive non-land assets from their parents and farmland from their spouse's parents. …
NAID 110009893262

<Articles>Intergenerational Land Transfer in Rural Cambodia since the Late 1980s: Special Attention to the Effect of Labor Migration

Yagura Kenjiro
Southeast Asian Studies 4(1), 3-42, 2015-04
… However, landless children are in a disadvantaged economic situation because they are also less likely to receive non-land assets from their parents and farmland from their spouse's parents. …
NAID 120005602666

大崎上島における買い物弱者の現状についての基礎分析

鈴木理沙,松下沙織,永岩健一郎 [他]
広島商船高等専門学校紀要広島商船高等専門学校編 (37), 53-60, 2015-03-30
NAID 40020427427

Related Pictures

Mentoring Disadvantaged Gifted Children disadvantaged young people | Elemental What is Small Disadvantaged Business Disadvantaged Children - Camara Education Empower Europe’s disadvantaged youth Physically Disadvantaged: Visual Symbol 'normal' to disadvantaged British teens Helping disadvantaged groups | ERSA