WordNet

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)

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1. β-ラクタマーゼ阻害剤、カルバペネム系、およびモノバクタム系抗菌薬の併用 combination beta lactamase inhibitors carbapenems and monobactams
2. 喘息におけるβ刺激剤：急性期投与および予防的使用 beta agonists in asthma acute administration and prophylactic use
3. 基質特異性拡張型β-ラクタマーゼ extended spectrum beta lactamases
4. β-ラクタム系抗生物質：作用機序、耐性および有害作用 beta lactam antibiotics mechanisms of action and resistance and adverse effects
5. β遮断剤中毒 beta blocker poisoning

English Journal

Peripheral alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after nerve injury in mice.

Saika F1, Kiguchi N, Kobayashi Y, Kishioka S.
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).Acta Physiol (Oxf).2015 Feb;213(2):462-71. doi: 10.1111/apha.12437. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
AIM: Neuropathic pain is often refractory to conventional analgesics including opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Evidence suggests nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands regulate pain transmission. Effects of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on pain behaviours af
PMID 25491757

R-(+) and s-(-) isomers of cotinine augment cholinergic responses in vitro and in vivo.

Terry AV Jr1, Callahan PM2, Bertrand D2.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2015 Feb;352(2):405-18. doi: 10.1124/jpet.114.219881. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
The nicotine metabolite cotinine (1-methyl-5-[3-pyridynl]-2-pyrrolidinone), like its precursor, has been found to exhibit procognitive and neuroprotective effects in some model systems; however, the mechanism of these effects is unknown. In this study, both the R-(+) and S-(-) isomers of cotinine we
PMID 25503389

Autocrine control of angiogenesis by endogenous acetylcholine in an in-vitro model using human endothelial cells. Evidence for an autocrine cholinergic system in endothelial cells.

Dhein S1, Wermke A, von Salisch S, Schlegel F, Stepan H, Dohmen PM, Kostelka M, Mohr FW.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.J Cardiovasc Pharmacol.2015 Jan 29. [Epub ahead of print]
We wanted to elucidate whether acetylcholine as the endogenous ligand at cholinoceptors may have effects on angiogenesis, and whether they are transduced via muscarinic or nicotinic cholinoceptors.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured until confluency and thereafter seeded in
PMID 25636069