WordNet
- the leg from the knee to foot
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/05 07:37:59」(JST)
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- 1. 特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症（偽脳腫瘍）：臨床的特徴および診断 idiopathic intracranial hypertension pseudotumor cerebri clinical features and diagnosis
- 2. 特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症（偽脳腫瘍）：疫学および病因 idiopathic intracranial hypertension pseudotumor cerebri epidemiology and pathogenesis
- 3. 特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症（偽脳腫瘍）：予後および治療 idiopathic intracranial hypertension pseudotumor cerebri prognosis and treatment
- 4. 傍食道ヘルニア：臨床的特徴および外科的修復 paraesophageal hernia clinical features and surgical repair
- 5. Surgical myotomy for achalasia
English Journal
- The effect of additional noradrenergic and serotonergic depletion on a lateralised choice reaction time task in rats with nigral 6-OHDA lesions.
- Lindgren HS1, Demirbugen M2, Bergqvist F3, Lane EL4, Dunnett SB2.Author information 1Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. Electronic address: Hanna.Lindgren@med.lu.se.2Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.3Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.4Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) patients often suffer from visuospatial deficits, which have been considered a disruption of the representation of external space. The lateralised choice reaction time (CRT) task is an operant task for rodents in which similar deficits can be assessed. It has been demonstrated that specific parameters in this task is disrupted after unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which have been associated with the dopamine (DA) depletion that inevitably follows this type of lesion. However, studies have demonstrated that this type of lesion also affects the serotonergic (5HT) and noradrenergic (NA) systems. However, the impact of these systems on parameters in the CRT task had not yet been investigated. To this end, rats were pretrained on the CRT task before receiving selective lesions of the DAergic system, either alone or in combination with depletion of the NA or 5HT system. All rats with a 6-OHDA lesion displayed a gradual decline in the selection, initiation and execution of lateralised movements compared to sham-lesion controls on the side contralateral to the lesion. They also displayed a reduced number of useable trials as well as an increased number of procedural errors. Interestingly, the group with an additional noradrenergic lesion was significantly slower in reacting to lateralised stimuli throughout the testing period compared to the other two groups with a 6-OHDA lesion. There was however no difference between the three different lesion groups in the other parameters assessed in the task. These data confirm previous findings demonstrating that the majority of the parameters assessed in the lateralised CRT task are strongly dependent on DA. However, this study has also shown that the NAergic system may play an important role in contributing to the attentive performance influencing the capacity to react to the presented lateralised stimuli.
- Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2014 Mar;253:52-62. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.015. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
- Parkinson's disease (PD) patients often suffer from visuospatial deficits, which have been considered a disruption of the representation of external space. The lateralised choice reaction time (CRT) task is an operant task for rodents in which similar deficits can be assessed. It has been demonstrat
- PMID 24333808
- A protein synthesis-dependent mechanism sustains calcium-permeable AMPA receptor transmission in nucleus accumbens synapses during withdrawal from cocaine self-administration.
- Scheyer AF1, Wolf ME, Tseng KY.Author information 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.AbstractExtended-access cocaine self-administration results in withdrawal-dependent incubation of cocaine craving. Rats evaluated after ∼1 month of withdrawal from such regimens ("incubated rats") exhibit changes in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that include accumulation of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and a switch in group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated suppression of synaptic transmission from mGluR5-dependent to mGluR1-dependent. To determine the role of protein synthesis in mediating these adaptations, we conducted whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in NAc core MSNs of "incubated rats" in the presence of translational inhibitors (anisomycin, cycloheximide, rapamycin) or the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D. The contribution of CP-AMPARs to synaptic transmission was determined by the rectification index and the sensitivity to the CP-AMPAR antagonist 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine. We found that CP-AMPAR-mediated transmission in the NAc of "incubated rats" was reduced to levels comparable to those found in saline control rats when brain slices were treated with translational inhibitors, whereas actinomycin-D had no effect. We also investigated the effect of protein translation inhibitors on the switch of mGluR function in MSNs of "incubated rats" using the group I mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine in combination with either an mGluR1 (LY367385) or an mGluR5 (3-[(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl]pyridine) antagonist. Data revealed that inhibition of protein translation eliminated the mGluR1-mediated inhibition and restored the mGluR5 responsiveness to a state functionally similar to that of saline control rats. Together, these results suggest that aberrant regulation of local protein synthesis contributes to the maintenance of adaptations accrued at NAc MSN synapses during incubation of cocaine craving.
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2014 Feb 19;34(8):3095-100. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4940-13.2014.
- Extended-access cocaine self-administration results in withdrawal-dependent incubation of cocaine craving. Rats evaluated after ∼1 month of withdrawal from such regimens ("incubated rats") exhibit changes in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that include accumulation of Ca
- PMID 24553949
- Blockade of the cerebral aqueduct in rats provides evidence of antagonistic leptin responses in the forebrain and hindbrain.
- Vaill MI1, Desai BN, Harris RB.Author information 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.AbstractPreviously, we reported that low-dose leptin infusions into the fourth ventricle produced a small but significant increase in body fat. These data contrast with reports that injections of higher doses of leptin into the fourth ventricle inhibit food intake and weight gain. In this study, we tested whether exogenous leptin in the fourth ventricle opposed or contributed to weight loss caused by third ventricle leptin infusion by blocking diffusion of CSF from the third to the fourth ventricle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received third ventricle infusions of PBS or 0.3 μg leptin/24 h from miniosmotic pumps. After 4 days, rats received a 3-μl cerebral aqueduct injection of saline or of thermogelling nanoparticles (hydrogel) that solidified at body temperature. Third ventricle leptin infusion inhibited food intake and caused weight loss. Blocking the aqueduct exaggerated the effect of leptin on food intake and weight loss but had no effect on the weight of PBS-infused rats. Leptin reduced both body fat and lean body mass but did not change energy expenditure. Blocking the aqueduct decreased expenditure of rats infused with PBS or leptin. Infusion of leptin into the third ventricle increased phosphorylated STAT3 in the VMHDM of the hypothalamus and the medial NTS in the hindbrain. Blocking the aqueduct did not change hypothalamic p-STAT3 but decreased p-STAT3 in the medial NTS. These results support previous observations that low-level activation of hindbrain leptin receptors has the potential to blunt the catabolic effects of leptin in the third ventricle.
- American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2014 Feb 15;306(4):E414-23. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00661.2013. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
- Previously, we reported that low-dose leptin infusions into the fourth ventricle produced a small but significant increase in body fat. These data contrast with reports that injections of higher doses of leptin into the fourth ventricle inhibit food intake and weight gain. In this study, we tested w
- PMID 24347057
Japanese Journal
- 中脳の解剖と外科治療(<特集>脳室・脳幹病変の外科治療)
- 名取 良弘
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(6), 432-437, 2011-06-20
- … 中脳は,中脳水道から背側の四丘体(quadrigeminal plate)を含む中脳蓋(tectum),左右一対の大脳脚(crus cerebri),中脳蓋と大脳脚に挟まれた中脳被蓋(tegmentum)の3つに大きく分割される.基本的に手術アプローチは,中脳蓋へは,occipital transtentorial approachかinfratentorial supracerebellar approachを,中脳被蓋へは,extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approachやsubtemporal approachを,大脳脚へはorbitozygomatic approachかtrans-sylvian approachを選択す …
- NAID 110008662230
- 側頭葉てんかんに対する切除手術 : 求められる手術成績とその向上のために
- 川合 謙介
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル 15(1), 27-35, 2006-01-20
- 難治性の側頭葉てんかんに対する標準的前側頭葉切除は, その有効性と安全性から, すでに確立された推奬治療となった.良好な術後成績をもたらす有力な術前因子は限局した画像病変の存在であるが, さらに発作成績を向上させるためには海馬外焦点の同定とその処置が必要となる.新皮質切除を少なくして側頭葉内側に到達するためにいろいろな方法が提唱されているが, 発作成績や術後認知機能についてある術式が他よりも優れて …
- NAID 110004062309
Related Links
- crus (krus) pl. cru´ra [L.] 1. leg (1). 2. a leglike part. crus ce´rebri a structure comprising fiber tracts descending from the cerebral cortex to form the ... Postoperative MRI of the brain revealed an area of high signal intensity in the right crus cerebri ...
- crus (krus) pl. cru´ra [L.] 1. leg (1). 2. a leglike part. crus ce´rebri a structure comprising fiber tracts descending from the cerebral cortex to form the longitudinal fascicles of the pons. crus of clitoris the continuation of each corpus ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「大脳脚」 |
| 関連記事 | 「cerebri」「crus」 |
「大脳脚」
- 英
- crus cerebri (KH,KA,KL), cerebral crus (N,B), cerebral peduncle
- ラ
- pedunculus cerebri, crus cerebri
- 同
- 皮質脊髄路, cerebral peduncle
- 関
- 中脳
- 中脳の前外側面にある∨字形に盛り上がった構造
広義の大脳脚
N. 100
「cerebri」
「crus」