「精巣挙筋
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/15 06:32:52」(JST)
| Cremaster muscle | |
|---|---|
The cremaster muscle appears as a thin layer just superficial to the tunica vaginalis.
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| Latin | musculus cremaster |
| Gray's | p.414 |
| Origin | Inguinal ligament |
| Insertion | Tunica vaginalis |
| Artery | Cremasteric artery |
| Nerve | Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve |
| Actions | raise and lower the scrotum |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord.
In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body.
Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial cremaster muscle, which sometimes is absent, originates from the pubic tubercle and sometimes the lateral pubic crest. Both insert into the tunica vaginalis underneath the testis.
The cremaster muscle is supplied by the cremasteric artery.
The cremaster muscle is innervated from the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. It receives distinctly different innervation and vascular supply in comparison to the internal oblique.
The cremaster develops to its full extent only in males; in females it is represented by only a few muscle loops.
In human females, the cremaster muscle is smaller and is found on the round ligament.
In rats, it has been shown that cremaster muscles developed from the gubernacular bulb.[1]
Although it is commonly believed that the cremaster muscle's function is to raise and lower the testes in order to regulate scrotal temperature for optimal spermatogenesis, that function is actually performed by the Dartos muscle in the wall of the scrotum itself. [Human Reproductive Biology, Third Edition, Jones and Lopez]
The cremaster muscle is a voluntary muscle and contraction can occur during arousal which can prevent injury to the testicles during sex.[citation needed]
Contraction can also occur during moments of extreme fear, possibly to help avoid injuring the testes while dealing with a fight or flight situation.[citation needed]
Clinically, a reflex arc termed the cremasteric reflex can be demonstrated by lightly stroking the skin of the inner thigh downwards from the hip towards the knee. This causes the cremaster muscle on the same side to rapidly contract, raising that testicle.[citation needed]
The cremaster can also be contracted voluntarily, by contracting the pubococcygeus muscle (using Kegels), or by sucking in the abdomen.[citation needed]
The cremaster muscle occasionally experiences painful spasms or cramps in adult males which can be chronic and debilitating. Treatment for these spasms ranges from minor surgery to injection with botulinum-a toxin to the regular application of heat to relax the muscle. Surgery, including the excision of the cremaster muscle, has apparently been able to provide complete relief from this condition without significant side effects.[2][3]
The word is derived from the transitive Greek verb "I hang" (Greek: κρεμάννυμι).
The scrotum.
The right testis, exposed by laying open the tunica vaginalis.
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| リンク元 | 「精巣挙筋」 |
| 関連記事 | 「muscle」 |