併用薬、併用薬剤、併用剤

WordNet

use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic

PrepTutorEJDIC

付随する,同時に起こる;(…に)伴う《+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…に)付随する物,(…の)つきもの;《複数形で》(…に)付随する事情《+『of』(『to』)+『名』》
『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/13 16:05:34」(JST)

wiki en

Concomitant drugs are two or more drugs used or given at or almost at the same time (one after the other, on the same day, etc.). The term has two contextual uses: as used in medicine or as used in drug abuse.

Concomitant drugs in medicine

This designation is used when medicinal drugs are given either at the same time or almost at the same time. This is often the case in medicine.

First example

Chemotherapy for cancer applies as an example. The standard of care (sometimes also called the "gold standard") for the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer is the FOLFOX chemotherapy protocol (used in Europe, Japan, Canada, and Australia) and respectively the FLOX chemotherapy protocol (used in the USA). These 2 chemotherapy protocols are very similar in principle. Both consist of 3 medicinal drugs: a) Leucovorin (= folinic acid = calcium folinate), b) 5-Fluorouracil (= 5-FU), and c) Oxaliplatin. Since these 3 medicinal drugs are "concomitant" to each other, such a constellation is called "concomitant drugs".^[1]

Second example

Contrast imaging in medicine is another example. These are imaging procedures in medicine that are performed after giving the patient an iodinated contrast medium (e.g. different types of contrast X-rays, CTs, MRIs). It is well known that such iodinated contrast media can lead to acute allergies in some patients. They may also lead to kidney damage. If the patient is receiving a "concomitant" medicinal drug (prescribed to the patient by another physician), and the radiologist performing the imaging procedure is unaware of this, potentially harmful side-effects can occur and increase the risk of contrast medium-induced nephropathy (i.e. increase the risk of damage to the kidneys). In general, radiologists carefully ask their patients about other medicinal drugs they are "concomitantly" taking before the imaging procedure. Often, they monitor the kidney function and the hydration status of their patients during the imaging procedure, especially whenever a concomitant drug (that is harmful to the kidney) is being used.^[2]

Concomitant drugs in drug abuse

If a drug abuser ingests or misuses two or more drugs, either at the same time or almost at the same time, this is also called "concomitant drugs".

Example

Whether concomitant drug abuse leads to an increased number of deaths was scientifically analysed in Sheffield, UK.^[3] The researchers wanted to find out whether concomitant drug abuse (i.e. an opiate plus another drug of misuse) leads to an increased number of acute accidental opiate-related deaths. The authors showed that at least in the Sheffield area, intravenous (IV) administration of an opiate is the most consistent factor associated with drug abuse deaths. The co-administration of a concomitant drug of misuse appeared to be a feature rather than a risk factor per se in such deaths.^[3]

References

^ http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/HPI/ChemotherapyProtocols/default.htm
^ Pannu N, Wiebe N, Tonelli M; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Prophylaxis strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy. JAMA. 2006 Jun 21;295(23):2765-79. Review.
^ ^a ^b Oliver P, Keen J. Concomitant drugs of misuse and drug using behaviours associated with fatal opiate-related poisonings in Sheffield, UK, 1997-2000. Addiction. 2003 Feb;98(2):191-7.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. I群抗不整脈薬の主な副作用 major side effects of class i antiarrhythmic drugs
2. アルコールおよびその他の薬物の有害な使用のスクリーニング screening for unhealthy use of alcohol and other drugs
3. 薬物アレルギー患者へのアプローチ an approach to the patient with drug allergy
4. リウマチ性疾患を有する男性における抗炎症剤および免疫抑制剤が性腺機能に及ぼす影響 effects of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs on gonadal function in men with rheumatic diseases
5. 発疹性（麻疹様）薬疹 exanthematous morbilliform drug eruption

English Journal

Differential modulations of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine metabolism by cannabinoid agonists as evidence for functional selectivity in vivo.

Bosier B, Muccioli GG, Mertens B, Sarre S, Michotte Y, Lambert DM, Hermans E.SourceNeuropharmacology Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 54.10, Av. Hippocrate 54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2012 Jun;62(7):2327-35. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
It is generally assumed that cannabinoids induce transient modulations of dopamine transmission through indirect regulation of its release. However, we previously described a direct cannabinoid-mediated control of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, in vitro. We herein report on the influence of
PMID 22365976

Immunogenicity of biological therapeutics: from assay to patient.

Krieckaert C, Rispens T, Wolbink G.SourceaJan van Breemen Research Institute/Reade bDepartment of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Current opinion in rheumatology.Curr Opin Rheumatol.2012 May;24(3):306-11.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give an overview of the current knowledge on assay techniques and clinical implications of immunogenicity of biological therapeutics.RECENT FINDINGS: Assay techniques for the measurement of immunogenicity have improved, expanding the understanding of the immune response against
PMID 22388644

Japanese Journal

Regorafenib suppresses sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rats.

Okuno Masayuki,Hatano Etsuro,Nakamura Kojiro,Miyagawa-Hayashino Aya,Kasai Yosuke,Nishio Takahiro,Seo Satoru,Taura Kojiro,Uemoto Shinji
The Journal of surgical research 193(2), 693-703, 2015-02
… [Background]Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), a form of drug-induced liver injury related to oxaliplatin treatment, is associated with postoperative morbidity after hepatectomy. … [Conclusions]Regorafenib suppressed MCT-induced SOS, concomitant with attenuating extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and MMP-9 activation, suggesting that regorafenib may be a favorable agent for use in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. …
NAID 120005530955

Cellular Uptake of Decitabine by Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters in HCT116 Cells

Ueda Kumiko,Hosokawa Mika,Iwakawa Seigo
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(8), 1113-1119, 2015
… DNA hypermethylation, an epigenetic change that silences gene expression without altering nucleotide sequences, plays a critical role in the formation and progression of colorectal cancers as well as in the acquisition of drug resistance. … The expression of MAGEA1 mRNA, the DNA of which was methylated in HCT116 cells, was increased by DAC treatment, and this increment was attenuated by concomitant treatment with NBMPR. …
NAID 130005090657

Histopathology and oxidative stress analysis of concomitant misoprostol and celecoxib administration

Murrell Derek E.,Denham James W.,Harirforoosh Sam
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 28(3), 165-170, 2015
… As concomitant celecoxib and misoprostol administration has been shown to intensify renal adverse effects, this article examined the influence of concomitant administration on hepatic histopathology, oxidative stress, and celecoxib concentration. … No hepatic abnormalities were observed denoting a lack of influence by either drug. …
NAID 130005090421