WordNet

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another (同)concomitant, attendant, co-occurrence
a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts (同)musical accompaniment, backup, support
occurrence or existence together or in connection with one another

PrepTutorEJDIC

伴うもの,付属する物 / 伴奏
付随する,同時に起こる;(…に)伴う《+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…に)付随する物,(…の)つきもの;《複数形で》(…に)付随する事情《+『of』(『to』)+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/23 22:33:31」(JST)

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A typical accompaniment pattern of a Mozart concerto or aria. Play (help·info)

In music, accompaniment is the art of playing along with an instrumental or vocal soloist or ensemble, often known as the lead, in a supporting manner. The accompaniment can be performed by a single performer—a pianist, organist, or guitarist—or it can be played by an entire ensemble, such as a symphony orchestra or string quartet (in the classical genre), a backing band or rhythm section (in popular music), or even a big band or organ trio (in jazz). It may be considered the background to the foreground melody.

The term accompaniment also describes the composed music, arrangement, or improvised performance that is played to back up the soloist. In most Classical styles, the accompaniment part is written by the composer and provided to the performers in the form of sheet music. In jazz and popular music, the backing band or rhythm section may improvise the accompaniment based on standard forms, as in the case of a small blues band or a jazz band playing a 12-bar blues progression, or the band may play from a written arrangement in a jazz big band or in a musical theater show.

Overview

Travis picking.^[1] Play (help·info)

The accompaniment part usually provides the harmonic background and the rhythmic structure for the piece of music or song. The harmonic background is usually provided by one or more instruments that play a chord progression. Instruments commonly used to play chords, also called harmonic accompaniment, include the acoustic or electric guitar, piano, organ and electronic keyboards. An accompaniment can also be provided by instruments that normally play the melody, such as the violin.

The accompaniment often includes a bass instrument (bass guitar, upright bass, etc.) that plays the bass notes of the harmonic progression. The rhythmic structure of the piece or song is typically provided by drums or percussion in most types of popular music, jazz, and blues. In Classical music styles, many types of pieces do not include percussion instruments, such as string quartets and organ trios.

In most tonal music the melody and accompaniment are written from and share the same group of pitches, while in much atonal music the melody and accompaniment are chosen from entirely separate groups of pitches, often from different hexachords. Basso continuo is a form of notation used especially in Baroque music accompaniment parts.

Definition

Mozart's Piano Sonata, K 545 opening. Play (help·info)

Accompanist is one who plays an accompaniment. A number of classical pianists have found success as accompanists rather than soloists; arguably the best known example is Gerald Moore, well known as a Lieder accompanist. In some American schools, the title collaborative pianist (or collaborative artist) is replacing the title accompanist.

The term accompanist also refers to a musician (typically a pianist) who plays for singers, dancers, and other performers at an audition or rehearsal—but doesn't necessarily participate in the ensemble that plays for the final performance.

Accompaniment figure

An accompaniment figure is a musical gesture used repeatedly in an accompaniment, such as:

Alberti bass and other arpeggio figures
Ostinati figures (repeated lines) or, in popular music, riffs

Notated accompaniment may be indicated obbligato (obliged) or ad libitum (at one's pleasure).

Dialogue accompaniment

Dialogue accompaniment is a form of call and response in which the lead and accompaniment alternate, the accompaniment playing during the rests of the lead and providing a drone or silence during the main melody or vocal.^[2]

References

^ Traum, Happy (1974). Fingerpicking Styles For Guitar, p.12. Oak Publications. ISBN 0-8256-0005-7. Hardcover (2005): ISBN 0-8256-0343-9.
^ van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music, p.320. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.

External links

The dictionary definition of accompaniment at Wiktionary

Free professional piano and continuo accompaniment

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English Journal

Savant syndrome: realities, myths and misconceptions.

Treffert DA.Author information Agnesian HealthCare, 430 East Division Street, Fond du Lac, WI, 54935, USA, daroldt@charter.net.AbstractIt was 126 years ago that Down first described savant syndrome as a specific condition and 70 years ago that Kanner first described Early Infantile Autism. While as many as one in ten autistic persons have savant abilities, such special skills occur in other CNS conditions as well such that approximately 50 % of cases of savant syndrome have autism as the underlying developmental disability and 50 % are associated with other disabilities. This paper sorts out realities from myths and misconceptions about both savant syndrome and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that have developed through the years. The reality is that low IQ is not necessarily an accompaniment of savant syndrome; in some cases IQ can be superior. Also, savants can be creative, rather than just duplicative, and the skills increase over time on a continuum from duplication, to improvisation to creation, rather than diminishing or suddenly disappearing. Genius and prodigy exist separate from savant syndrome and not all such highly gifted persons have Asperger's Disorder. This paper also emphasizes the critical importance of separating 'autistic-like' symptoms from ASD especially in children when the savant ability presents as hyperlexia (children who read early) or as Einstein syndrome (children who speak late), or have impaired vision (Blindisms) because prognosis and outcome are very different when that careful distinction is made. In those cases the term 'outgrowing autism' might be mistakenly applied when in fact the child did not have ASD in the first place.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders.J Autism Dev Disord.2014 Mar;44(3):564-71. doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1906-8.
It was 126 years ago that Down first described savant syndrome as a specific condition and 70 years ago that Kanner first described Early Infantile Autism. While as many as one in ten autistic persons have savant abilities, such special skills occur in other CNS conditions as well such that approx
PMID 23918440

Cardiac autonomic modulation and sleepiness: Physiological consequences of sleep deprivation due to 40h of prolonged wakefulness.

Glos M1, Fietze I2, Blau A2, Baumann G3, Penzel T2.Author information 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM-CC11, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Germany. Electronic address: martin.glos@charite.de.2Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM-CC11, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Germany.3Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM-CC11, Division of Cardiology, Germany.AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) is modulated by sleep and wakefulness. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac ANS with heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a window for monitoring malfunctioning of cardiovascular autonomic modulation due to sleep deprivation. This study represents the first investigation of dynamic ANS effects and of electrophysiological and subjective sleepiness, in parallel, during 40h of prolonged wakefulness under constant routine (CR) conditions. In eleven young male healthy subjects, ECG, EEG, EOG, and EMG chin recordings were performed during baseline sleep, during 40h of sleep deprivation, and during recovery sleep. After sleep deprivation, slow-wave sleep and sleep efficiency increased, whereas HRV - global variability and HRV sympathovagal balance - was reduced (all p<0.05). Sleep-stage-dependent analysis revealed reductions in the sympathovagal balance only for NREM sleep stages (all p<0.05). Comparison of the daytime pattern of CR day one (CR baseline) with that of CR day two (CR sleep deprivation) disclosed an increase in subjective sleepiness, in the amount of unintended sleep, and in HRV sympathovagal balance, with accompaniment by increased EEG alpha attenuation (all p<0.05). Circadian rhythm analysis revealed the strongest influence on heart rate, with less influence on HRV sympathovagal balance. Hour-by-hour analysis disclosed the difference between CR sleep deprivation and CR baseline for subjective sleepiness at almost every single hour and for unintended sleep particularly in the morning and afternoon (both p<0.05). These findings indicate that 40h of prolonged wakefulness lead in the following night to sleep-stage-dependent reduction in cardiac autonomic modulation. During daytime, an increased occurrence of behavioral and physiological signs of sleepiness was accompanied by diminished cardiac autonomic modulation. The observed changes are an indicator of autonomic stress due to sleep deprivation - which, if chronic, could potentially increase cardiovascular risk.
Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2014 Feb 10;125:45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.11.011. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is modulated by sleep and wakefulness. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac ANS with heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a window for monitoring malfunctioning of cardiovascular autonomic modulation due to sleep deprivation. This study represents the first invest
PMID 24291386

Community-Based Accompaniment and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in HIV-Infected Adults in Rwanda: A Prospective Study.

Thomson DR, Rich ML, Kaigamba F, Socci AR, Hakizamungu M, Bagiruwigize E, Binagwaho A, Franke MF.Author information Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA, dana_thomson@hms.harvard.edu.AbstractWe examined whether the addition of community-based accompaniment to Rwanda's national model for antiretroviral treatment (ART) was associated with greater improvements in patients' psychosocial health outcomes during the first year of therapy. We enrolled 610 HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts under 350 cells/μL initiating ART in one of two programs. Both programs provided ART and required patients to identify a treatment buddy per national protocols. Patients in one program additionally received nutritional and socioeconomic supplements, and daily home-visits by a community health worker ("accompagnateur") who provided social support and directly-observed ingestion of medication. The addition of community-based accompaniment was associated with an additional 44.3 % reduction in prevalence of depression, more than twice the gains in perceived physical and mental health quality of life, and increased perceived social support in the first year of treatment. Community-based accompaniment may represent an important intervention in HIV-infected populations with prevalent mental health morbidity.
AIDS and behavior.AIDS Behav.2014 Feb;18(2):368-80. doi: 10.1007/s10461-013-0431-2.
We examined whether the addition of community-based accompaniment to Rwanda's national model for antiretroviral treatment (ART) was associated with greater improvements in patients' psychosocial health outcomes during the first year of therapy. We enrolled 610 HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell count
PMID 23443977

What features of images affect parents' appraisal of safety messages? Examining images from the A Million Messages programme in Canada.

Morrongiello BA, Bell M, Butac M, Kane A.Author information Psychology Department, University of Guelph, , Guelph, Ontario, Canada.AbstractBACKGROUND: Enhancing caregivers' awareness of children's injury risks and increasing knowledge about strategies for injury prevention often involve presenting parents with written materials and accompanying images.
Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention.Inj Prev.2014 Feb;20(1):16-20. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040721. Epub 2013 Jun 22.
BACKGROUND: Enhancing caregivers' awareness of children's injury risks and increasing knowledge about strategies for injury prevention often involve presenting parents with written materials and accompanying images.OBJECTIVES: To assess parents' appraisals of different variations of images and ident
PMID 23793910