関: sigmoid、sigmoid colon、sigmoidal

WordNet

curved in two directions (like the letter S)
of or relating to the sigmoid flexure in the large intestine (同)sigmoidal
the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos (同)Costa Rican colon
the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos (同)El Salvadoran colon
a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)
the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
a pass between mountain peaks (同)gap
a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal (同)Aspinwall

PrepTutorEJDIC

コロン(:)(句読点の一種で,文中においてセミコロン以上を分離を示すほか,対照,例証,引用文などを示すのに用いる)
(大腸の)結腸[部]
(山脈の)鞍部(あんぶ),山あい

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/18 14:42:18」(JST)

wiki en

The sigmoid colon (pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm in length. The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma (ς) or Latin letter S (thus sigma + -oid). This part of the colon normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.^{[citation needed]}

Structure

The sigmoid colon begins at the superior aperture of the lesser pelvis, where it is continuous with the iliac colon, and passes transversely across the front of the sacrum to the right side of the pelvis. (The name sigmoid aptly means S-shaped.)

It then curves on itself and turns toward the left to reach the middle line at the level of the third piece of the sacrum, where it bends downward and ends in the rectum.

Its function is to expel solid and gaseous waste from the gastrointestinal tract. The curving path it takes toward the anus allows it to store gas in the superior arched portion, enabling the colon to expel gas without excreting faeces simultaneously.

Coverings

It is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.

Innervation

Pelvic splanchnic nerves are the primary source for parasympathetic innervation. Lumbar splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation via the inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Relations

Behind the sigmoid colon are the external iliac vessels, the left Piriformis, and left sacral plexus of nerves.

In front, it is separated from the bladder in the male, and the uterus in the female, by some coils of the small intestine.

Clinical significance

Diverticulosis often occurs in the sigmoid colon in association with increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in the colonic wall. It is a common cause of hematochezia.

Volvulus occurs when a portion of the bowel twists around its mesentery, which can lead to obstruction and infarction. Volvulus in the elderly commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon, whereas in infants and children it is more likely to occur in the midgut. This may correct itself spontaneously or the rotation may continue until the blood supply of the gut is cut off completely.

Additional images

1: Ascending colon
2: Transverse colon
3: Descending colon
4: Sigmoid colon
5: Rectum
Intestines
Sigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses.
Iliac colon, sigmoid or pelvic colon, and rectum seen from the front, after removal of pubic bones and bladder.
Sagittal section of the lower part of a female trunk, right segment.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Physiology: 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30 - Essentials of Human Physiology

External links

Anatomy figure: 37:06-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The large intestine."
Superior & Inferior Mesenteric Artery at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Genetics, inheritance and strategies for prevention in populations at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Burn J, Mathers J, Bishop DT.SourceInstitute of genetic medicine, Centre for Life Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. john.burn@newcastle.ac.uk
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PMID 22893205

Rare late mesh complications following inguinal prolene hernia system hernioplasty: report of three cases.

Zuvela M, Krivokapic Z, Galun D, Markovic V.SourceFirst Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 6, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Surgery today.Surg Today.2012 Dec;42(12):1253-8. doi: 10.1007/s00595-012-0189-6. Epub 2012 May 19.
We have treated three patients who developed late mesh infections 7 years after inguinal hernioplasty caused by contact of an underlay prolene hernia system (PHS) patch with the intestines. In two patients, the cause was the development of a fistula between the underlay patch preperitoneally positi
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Japanese Journal

Ｐｅｕｔｚ‐Ｊｅｇｈｅｒｓ症候群の２例

藤崎誠,向井洋,友利優一,山下佐英
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 36(6), 1489-1497, 1990
… cases 1 and 2 had black or dark brown, comparatively clearly bordered spots, 1 to 5mm in diameter, on upper and lower lips, buccal mucosa, palms and soles.<BR>Roentgen examination revealed multiple polyps in colon sigmoideum and the rectum in case 1 and in case 2 a sporadical polyps in the ventriculus, the intestinum tenne and the colon transversum.<BR>The characteristic histopathological findings were epithelial cells proliferation and prominent branching of the lamina muscularis …
NAID 130001356542

憩室(症)の臨床的・X線学的研究

織田貫爾
日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 25(4), 251-261,324, 1972
われわれは1970年3,月から1972年3月までの間に大腸憩室(症)を89例経験した.この頻度は検査総数1013例の8,8%にあたる.これらの憩室(症)を単発性憩室(30例,33,7%),散在性憩室症(40例,44.9%),群集性憩室症(19例,21.4%)の3群に分類して,それらの臨床的・X線学的所見を比較検討した.<BR>1・単発性憩室:自覚症状,他覚的所見の大部分は,いわゆる過敏 …
NAID 130000782166

自大正15年至昭和14年入院潰瘍性大腸炎患者ノ統計的臨牀觀察

淺野靜男
岡山医学会雑誌 52(2), 466-478, 1940-02-29
… Ferner klagen die meisten Patienten über Druckschmerz im Leib und in der Regel Palpiert man Darm als Strang und zwar in der Colon sigmoideum, in der Colon descendens und Colon transversum am reichlichsten. …
NAID 120002835589

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「sigmoid」「sigmoidal」「S字結腸」「sigmoid colon」「S状結腸」
関連記事	「colon」

「sigmoid」

Sigmoid colon
	Drawing of colon seen from front; (sigmoid colon coloured blue)
	Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for liver, stomach and large intestine
Details
Precursor	Hindgut
Artery	Sigmoid arteries of inferior mesenteric artery
Nerve	Inferior mesenteric ganglia and sacral nerve
Identifiers
Latin	Colon sigmoideum
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12249909
TA	A05.7.03.007
FMA	14548
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

n.

S字形、シグモイド

adj.

S字の、S状結腸、S字結腸

関: colon sigmoideum、sigmoid colon、sigmoidal

「sigmoidal」

　　[★]

adj.

S字形の、シグモイドの、S状結腸の、S字結腸の

関: colon sigmoideum、sigmoid、sigmoid colon

「S字結腸」

　　[★]

英: sigmoid colon、colon sigmoideum、sigmoid、sigmoidal
関: S字、S字形、シグモイド、S状結腸

「sigmoid colon」

　　[★]

S状結腸、S字結腸

関: colon sigmoideum、sigmoid、sigmoidal

「S状結腸」

　　[★]

英: sigmoid colon
ラ: colon sigmoideum
関: 結腸、大腸

「colon」

　　[★] 結腸　　　　　　

[1] Physiology: 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30 - Essentials of Human Physiology

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案内

colon sigmoideum