凍瘡
WordNet
- inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture (同)chilblains, pernio
- having chilblains; "her poor chilblained hands"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- しもやけ,凍傷(frostbite)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/22 11:08:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Chilblain |
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Toes inflamed by chilblains
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
Emergency medicine |
| ICD-10 |
T69.1 |
| ICD-9-CM |
991.5 |
| DiseasesDB |
31219 |
| eMedicine |
derm/322 |
| MeSH |
D002647 |
|
[edit on Wikidata]
|
Chilblains () — also known as pernio and perniosis[1] — is a medical condition that occurs when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity, causing tissue damage. It is often confused with frostbite and trench foot. Damage to capillary beds in the skin causes redness, itching, inflammation, and sometimes blisters.[2] Chilblains can be reduced by keeping the feet and hands warm in cold weather, and avoiding extreme temperature changes. Chilblains can be idiopathic (spontaneous and unrelated to another disease), but may also be a manifestation of another serious medical condition that needs to be investigated. A history of chilblains is suggestive of a connective tissue disease (such as lupus). Chilblains in infants, together with severe neurologic disease and unexplained fevers, can be seen in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, a rare inherited condition.
Contents
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Prevention
- 3 Treatment
- 4 History
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Signs and symptoms
Chilblains from excessively icing the feet
The areas most affected are the toes, fingers, earlobes, nose.
- Blistering of affected area
- Burning and itching sensation in extremities
- Dermatitis in extremities
- Digital ulceration (severe cases only)
- Erythema (blanchable redness of the skin)
- Pain in affected area
- Skin discoloration, red to dark blue
Chilblains usually heal within 7–14 days.
Prevention
Exposure
- Avoid rapid changes in temperature (including from cold to hot).[3]
- Wear warm shoes, socks and gloves.[3]
- Wear a hat and a scarf to protect the ears and the nose.[3]
- Avoid tight fitting socks/shoes.
- Place cotton wool between the toes to improve circulation.[3]
- Recommend soaking in warm water with Epsom salts for 15–20 minutes, 3–4 times a day. Avoid very hot water.
Other
- Healthy diet, low in inflammatory foods
- Exercise at least four times a week to improve circulation[3]
Treatment
- Keep area warm, and avoid any extreme temperature changes (including very hot water).
- Keep affected area dry.[4]
- Use a topical steroid cream to relieve itch.
- Nifedipine, a vasodilator, may be used in more severe or recurrent cases.[5]Vasodilation helps reduce pain, facilitate healing and prevent recurrences.[6] It is typically available in an oral pill but can be compounded into a topical formula.
- Diltiazem, a vasodilator, may also be used.[7]
- Apply a mixture of friar's balsam and a weak iodine solution.[3]
- There are anecdotal reports that Vitamin D and calcium supplements may help.[8]
- Avoid restricting the affected area.[9]
History
The medieval Bald's Leechbook recommended that chilblains be treated with a mix of eggs, wine, and fennel root.[10]
See also
- Erythrocyanosis crurum
- Equestrian perniosis
- Frostbite
References
- ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. [page needed]
- ^ Cold Stress: Chilblains. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f "What are chilblains (pernio)? What causes chilblains?". Medical News Today.
- ^ "Chilblains.org - #1 Online Source for Treatments, Prevention, Relief Advice". Chilblains.org.
- ^ Rustin, M.H.A.; Newton, Julia A.; Smith, N.P.; Dowd, Pauline M. (2006). "The treatment of chilblains with nifedipine: the results of a pilot study, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study and a long-term open trial". British Journal of Dermatology 120 (2): 267–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07792.x. PMID 2647123.
- ^ Simon, T. D.; Soep, JB; Hollister, JR (2005). "Pernio in Pediatrics". Pediatrics 116 (3): e472–5. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2681. PMID 16140694.
- ^ Patra, AK; Das, AL; Ramadasan, P (2003). "Diltiazem vs. nifedipine in chilblains: A clinical trial". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 69 (3): 209–11. PMID 17642888.
- ^ "The cure for my chilblains is...". Patient.info.
- ^ "Chilblains.com.au - Information, Treatment and Prevention". Chilblains.com.au - Information, Treatment and Prevention.
- ^ Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger August:The Year 1000: What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium Little, Brown, 2000 ISBN 0316511579[page needed]
External links
|
Look up chilblains in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chilblains. |
- Cold stress, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)
|
|
| Temperature/radiation |
- elevated temperature
- Hyperthermia
- Heat syncope
- reduced temperature
- Hypothermia
- Immersion foot syndromes
- Trench foot
- Tropical immersion foot
- Warm water immersion foot
- Chilblains
- Frostbite
- Aerosol burn
- Cold intolerance
- Acrocyanosis
- Erythrocyanosis crurum
- radiation
- Radiation poisoning
- Radiation burn
- Chronic radiation keratosis
- Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
- Radiation acne
- Radiation cancer
- Radiation recall reaction
- Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
- Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
- Radiation-induced keloid
- Radiation-induced morphea
|
|
| Air |
- Hypoxia/Asphyxia
- Barotrauma
- Aerosinusitis
- Decompression sickness
- High altitude
- Altitude sickness
- Chronic mountain sickness
- HAPE
- HACE
|
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| Food |
|
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| Maltreatment |
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Psychological abuse
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| Travel |
- Motion sickness
- Seasickness
- Airsickness
- Space adaptation syndrome
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| Adverse effect |
- Hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Allergy
- Arthus reaction
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|
| Other |
- Electric shock
- Drowning
- Lightning injury
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Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors |
- Dermatosis neglecta
- Pinch mark
- Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
- Sclerosing lymphangiitis
- Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
- UV-sensitive syndrome
- environmental skin conditions
- Electrical burn
- frictional/traumatic/sports
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- Black heel and palm
- Equestrian perniosis
- Jogger's nipple
- Pulling boat hands
- Runner's rump
- Surfer's knots
- Tennis toe
- Vibration white finger
- Weathering nodule of ear
- Wrestler's ear
- Coral cut
- Painful fat herniation
- Uranium dermatosis
- iv use
-
- Skin pop scar
- Skin track
- Slap mark
- Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
- Narcotic dermopathy
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|
~
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Familial Chilblain Lupus Due to a Novel Mutation in the Exonuclease III Domain of 3' Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1).
- Günther C1, Berndt N1, Wolf C2, Lee-Kirsch MA2.
- JAMA dermatology.JAMA Dermatol.2014 Dec 17. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3438. [Epub ahead of print]
- Importance: Familial chilblain lupus is a rare, autosomal dominant form of lupus erythematosus characterized by cold-induced inflammatory lesions at acral locations presenting in early childhood. Familial chilblain lupus is usually caused by a mutation in TREX1 (3' repair exonuclease 1).Observations
- PMID 25517357
- Chilblains in Southern California: two case reports and a review of the literature.
- Gordon R, Arikian AM1, Pakula AS.
- Journal of medical case reports.J Med Case Rep.2014 Nov 22;8:381. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-381.
- INTRODUCTION: Chilblains or perniosis is an acrally located cutaneous eruption that occurs with exposure to cold. Chilblains can be classified into primary and secondary forms. The primary or idiopathic form is not associated with an underlying disease and is clinically indistinguishable from the se
- PMID 25416648
- Acroosteolysis presenting with brachyonychia following exposure to cold.
- El-Komy MH1, Baran R.
- Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2014 Nov 10. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12826. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: A vast number of conditions ranging from simple trauma to hereditary and collagen vascular disease had been described in association with acroosteolysis.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that severe cold exposure not mounting to frostbite may be associated with acroosteolysis.METHODS: A 16-year-
- PMID 25385354
Japanese Journal
- ネフローゼ症候群とM蛋白血症を合併し,抗セントロメア抗体陽性であったChilblain Lupusの1例 (特集 膠原病)
- 低体温症,凍瘡・凍傷 (特集 高齢者の救急医療 : その病態特徴と基本管理) -- (高齢者外因性の救急疾患と処置)
- 症例報告 凍瘡様皮疹に引き続いて発症したneuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosusの1例
Related Links
- 5 Jan 2011 ... シューゲイザー 「chilblain」. nukakanu32·76 videos. SubscribeSubscribed Unsubscribe 115. 29,128. Like 44 Dislike 0. Like. Sign in to YouTube. Sign in with your YouTube Account (YouTube, Google+, Gmail, Orkut, Picasa, ...
- Chilblains 1] is a medical condition that is often confused with frostbite and trench foot. Chilblains are a tissue injury that occurs when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity. The cold exposure damages capillary beds in the ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- frostbite、chilblain, congelation
- ラ
- congelatio
- 関
- 凍瘡、しもやけ
[★]
- 英
- chilblain, frostbite
- ラ
- pernio
- 同
- 凍傷、しもやけ
[★]
- 英
- chilblain、frostbite
- 関
- 凍瘡、凍傷