WordNet

surround with a wall in order to fortify (同)palisade, fence, fence in, surround
a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
a layer of material that encloses space; "the walls of the cylinder were perforated"; "the containers walls were blue"
a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); "the wall followed the road"; "he ducked behind the garden wall and waited"
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; "the south wall had a small window"; "the walls were covered with pictures"
(anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; "stomach walls" (同)paries
a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; "a wall of water"; "a wall of smoke"; "a wall of prejudice"; "negotiations ran into a brick wall"
box with a lid; used for storage; usually large and sturdy
an alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy

PrepTutorEJDIC

{C}(石・れんがなどの)『壁』,へい / {U}(胃などの)内壁,内側 / {C}(…の)壁[のようなもの]《+of+名》 / …‘を'壁(へい)で囲む / …‘を'壁で仕切る / 〈窓・入り口など〉‘を'壁ぃふさぐ《+up+名,+名+up》
(ふた付きのじょうぶな)『大箱』,ひつ / 《米》たんす(=chest of drawers) / (…の)たんすいっぱい《+『of』+『名』》 / 『胸[部]』,肺

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/04 00:52:12」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The thoracic wall (or chest wall) is the boundary of the thoracic cavity.

Structure

The bony skeletal part of the wall is the rib cage, and the rest is made up of muscle, skin and fascia.

Function

Diving reflex

When not breathing for long and dangerous periods of time in cold water, a person's body undergoes great temporary changes to try to prevent death. It achieves this through the activation of the mammalian diving reflex, which has 3 main properties. Other than Bradycardia and Peripheral vasoconstriction, there is a blood shift which occurs only during very deep dives that affects the thoracic cavity (a chamber of the body protected by the thoracic wall.) When this happens, organ and circulatory walls allow plasma/water to pass freely throughout the thoracic cavity, so its pressure stays constant and the organs aren't crushed. In this stage, the lungs' alveoli fill up with blood plasma, which is reabsorbed when the organism leaves the pressurized environment. This stage of the diving reflex has been observed in humans (such as world champion freediver Martin Štěpánek) during extremely deep (over 90 metres or 300 ft) free dives.

Clinical significance

Necrosis

In rare cases intentional or accidental trauma may lead to chest wall (thoracic wall) necrosis.^[1]

References

^ Eskandarlou, M; Moaddab, AH (Aug 2010). "Chest wall necrosis and empyema resulting from attempting suicide by injection of petroleum into the pleural cavity". Emerg Med J. 27 (8): 616–8. doi:10.1136/emj.2009.073486.

External links

Thoracic wall at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Anatomy photo:18:lo-0000 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胸壁疾患 diseases of the chest wall
2. 成人における胸壁外傷の初期評価およびマネージメント initial evaluation and management of chest wall trauma in adults
3. 筋骨格系の胸痛の治療 treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain
4. 小児における胸壁損傷 chest wall injuries in children
5. 小児における非外傷性胸痛：アプローチおよび初期のマネージメント atraumatic chest pain in children and adolescents approach and initial management

English Journal

Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow dynamics in human thoracic aorta.

Caballero AD1, Laín S.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Aug;18(11):1200-1216. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
Three non-Newtonian blood viscosity models plus the Newtonian one are analysed for a patient-specific thoracic aorta anatomical model under steady-state flow conditions via wall shear stress (WSS) distribution, non-Newtonian importance factors, blood viscosity and shear rate. All blood viscosity mod
PMID 24559110

Implementation and validation of thoracic side impact injury prediction metrics in a human body model.

Golman AJ1, Danelson KA, Gaewsky JP, Stitzel JD.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Aug;18(10):1044-1055. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
This study's purpose was to implement injury metrics into the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) mirroring the spinal accelerometers, rib accelerometers and chest band instrumentation from two lateral post-mortem human subject sled test configurations. In both sled configurations, THUMS contacted
PMID 24520849

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in young men and women at different chest wall configurations.

Mortola JP1, Marghescu D1, Siegrist-Johnstone R1.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Apr 1;128(8):507-16. doi: 10.1042/CS20140543.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an acceleration of heart rate during inspiration and deceleration with expiration. We asked whether or not in humans some of the volume-related information necessary for RSA originated from the chest wall. Men and women, 19-20 years old, were breathing supine.
PMID 25387977