WordNet

an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
belonging to or prescribed for celiac disease; "a celiac diet"

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕
腹[腔]の,腸にある

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/15 10:49:31」(JST)

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The celiac ganglia or coeliac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of nerve tissue in the upper abdomen. Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in the ANS, and they innervate most of the digestive tract.

They have the appearance of lymph glands and are placed on either side of the midline in front of the crura of the diaphragm, close to the suprarenal glands (also called adrenal glands). The ganglion on the right side is placed behind the inferior vena cava.

They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia.

Neurotransmission[edit]

The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic prevertebral chain possessing a great variety of specific receptors and neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, neuropeptides, and nitric oxide and constitutes a modulation center in the pathway of the afferent and efferent fibers between the central nervous system and the ovary.

The main preganglion neurotransmitter of the celiac ganglion is acetylcholine, yet the celiac ganglion-mesenteric complex also contain α and β adrenergic receptors and is innervated by fibers of adrenergic nature that come from other preaortic ganglia.

Path[edit]

The upper part of each ganglion is joined by the greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, which is segmented off and named the aorticorenal ganglion, receives the lesser splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus.

Innervation[edit]

These ganglia contain neurons whose postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, and the ascending and transverse colon. They directly innervate the ovarian theca and secondary interstitial cells and exert an indirect action on the luteal cells.

Links to ovary[edit]

Modifications in the adrenergic activity of the celiac ganglion results in an altered capacity of the ovary of pregnant rats to produce progesterone, suggesting that the celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovarian axis provides a direct link between the autonomic nervous system and the physiology of pregnancy.^[1] It has also been shown that modifications in the cholinergic input at the celiac ganglion also led, via the superior ovarian nerve, to modifications in ovarian steroidogenesis.^[1]^[2]^[3] Most of the fibers of the superior ovarian nerve come from the postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the celiac ganglion.

Additional images[edit]

Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses.
Lower half of right sympathetic cord.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Casais, Marilina; Delgado, Silvia M; Sosa, Zulema; Telleria, Carlos M; Rastrilla, Ana M (2006). "The celiac ganglion modulates LH-induced inhibition of androstenedione release in late pregnant rat ovaries". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 4: 66. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-66. PMC 1769501. PMID 17184551.
^ Orozco, A. V.; Sosa, Z.; Fillipa, V.; Mohamed, F.; Rastrilla, A. M. (2006). "The cholinergic influence on the mesenteric ganglion affects the liberation of ovarian steroids and nitric oxide in oestrus day rats: Characterization of an ex vivo system". Journal of Endocrinology 191 (3): 587–98. doi:10.1677/joe.1.06859. PMID 17170216.
^ Forneris, Myriam; Oliveros, Liliana; Aguado, Luis (1999). "Effect of Secretion of Splenocytes after Superior Ovarian Nerve Section on the Ovarian Steroidogenesis". Neuroimmunomodulation 6 (4): 293–9. doi:10.1159/000026387. PMID 10393515.

External links[edit]

40:10-0101 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: The Celiac Plexus"
Celiac+ganglia at eMedicine Dictionary
Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_30/30-5.HTM
Human anatomy at Dartmouth figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM
Physiology at MCG 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.

Walter GC1, Phillips RJ1, McAdams JL1, Powley TL1.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2016 Sep 1;524(13):2577-603. doi: 10.1002/cne.23978. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
A full description of the terminal architecture of sympathetic axons innervating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been available. To label sympathetic fibers projecting to the gut muscle wall, dextran biotin was injected into the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG) of rats. Nine day
PMID 26850701

Short- and long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling.

Burnstock G1.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.2016 Aug 5;371(1700). pii: 20150422. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0422.
There is long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling involving cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and death in the development and regeneration of most systems of the body, in addition to fast purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion. It is not always easy t
PMID 27377731

Pure Autonomic Failure.

Thaisetthawatkul P1.
Current neurology and neuroscience reports.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep.2016 Aug;16(8):74. doi: 10.1007/s11910-016-0673-2.
Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare sporadic neurodegenerative autonomic disorder characterized by slowly progressive pan autonomic failure without other features of neurologic dysfunctions. The main clinical symptoms result from neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and urinary and gastrointestinal
PMID 27338613

Japanese Journal

Effects of celiac superior mesenteric ganglionectomy on glucose homeostasis and hormonal changes during oral glucose tolerance testing in rats

Endocrine journal 60(4), 525-531, 2013-04-01
NAID 10031170642

Localization of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Sensory Neurons Innervating the Distal Ileum of the Cattle(Anatomy)

The journal of veterinary medical science 70(12), 1289-1294, 2008-12-25
NAID 110007021706

術前に非機能性副腎腫瘍と診断した後腹膜神経節神経腫の1例

日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association 69(11), 2995-2998, 2008-11-25
NAID 10024952937

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「celiac ganglia」「sympathetic ganglia」「sympathetic ganglion」
関連記事	「celiac」

「celiac ganglia」

Nerve: Celiac ganglia
	The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia. (Celiac ganglion labeled at center right.)
	Celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion in a cat. 1 Crus sinistrum (Diaphragma), 2 hiatus aorticus, 3 Aorta, 4 Arteria lumbalis, 5 Nervus splanchnicus major, 6 Arteria coeliaca, 7 Arteria phrenica caudalis, 8 Celiac ganglion, 9 Plexus coeliacus, 10 Ganglion mesentericum craniale, 11 Plexus mesentericus cranialis, 12 Arteria mesenterica cranialis, 13 Nervus splanchnicus minor, 14 Adrenal gland, 15 Arteria abdominalis cranialis, 16 Stomach, 17 Liver (Lobus caudatus), 18 Kidney
Latin	Ganglia coeliaca
Gray's	p.985
From	thoracic splanchnic nerves
MeSH	Celiac+Ganglia