caryopsis

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caryopses

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/22 17:32:11」(JST)

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An assortment of caryopses

In botany, a caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple dry fruit — one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat.

The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), which includes wheat, rice, and corn.

The term grain is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal (as in "cereal grains", which include some non-Poaceae). Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, little concern is given to technically separating the terms "fruit" and "seed" in these plant structures. In many grains, the "hulls" to be separated before processing are actually flower bracts.

Wheat spikelet with the three anthers sticking out.

Caryopsis cross-section

References

English Journal

• Rice caryopsis development II: Dynamic changes in the endosperm.

• Wu X1, Liu J1, Li D1, Liu CM2.
• Journal of integrative plant biology.J Integr Plant Biol.2016 Sep;58(9):786-98. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12488.
• The rice endosperm plays crucial roles in nourishing the embryo during embryogenesis and seed germination. Although previous studies have provided the general information about rice endosperm, a systematic investigation throughout the entire endosperm developmental process is still lacking. In this
• PMID 27449987

• Rice caryopsis development I: Dynamic changes in different cell layers.

• Wu X1, Liu J1, Li D1, Liu CM2.
• Journal of integrative plant biology.J Integr Plant Biol.2016 Sep;58(9):772-85. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12440. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
• Rice caryopsis as one of the most important food sources for humans has a complex structure that is composed of maternal tissues including the pericarp and testa and filial tissues including the endosperm and embryo. Although rice caryopsis studies have been conducted previously, a systematic charac
• PMID 26472484

• New evidence for grain specific C4 photosynthesis in wheat.

• Rangan P1,2, Furtado A1, Henry RJ1.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Aug 17;6:31721. doi: 10.1038/srep31721.
• The C4 photosynthetic pathway evolved to allow efficient CO2 capture by plants where effective carbon supply may be limiting as in hot or dry environments, explaining the high growth rates of C4 plants such as maize. Important crops such as wheat and rice are C3 plants resulting in efforts to engine
• PMID 27530078

Japanese Journal

• Long-term maintenance of high regeneration ability of switchgrass embryogenic callus

• Plant Biotechnology 32(3), 239-242, 2015
• NAID 130005105923

• Long-term maintenance of high regeneration ability of switchgrass embryogenic callus

• Plant Biotechnology advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005087198

• Temporal Changes in Tocochromanols in Leaves and Spikes of Barley Cultivars During the Development of the Caryopsis

• Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ 49(1), 51-57, 2015
• NAID 130004886280

Related Links

• Caryopsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In botany, a caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple dry fruit — one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is ...

• caryopsis - definition of caryopsis by the Free Online Dictionary ...

car·y·op·sis (k r - p s s). n. pl. car·y·op·ses (- p s z ) or car·y·op·si·des (- p s -d z ). See grain. [cary(o)-, variant of karyo- + -opsis.] caryopsis [ˌkærɪˈɒpsɪs]. n pl - ses [-siːz], -sides [-sɪˌdiːz]. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Botany) a dry ...

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リンク元

「穎花」

「穎花」

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英

caryopsis、caryopses