- 関
- carbazochrome
WordNet
- a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) (同)Na, atomic number 11
- a salt of sulphonic acid
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ソジウム,ナトリウム(金属元素;化学記号はNa)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/04/23 13:27:13」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Carbazochrome
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Systematic (IUPAC) name |
[(3-Hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-5-ylidene)amino]urea |
Clinical data |
Trade names |
Toxivenol |
AHFS/Drugs.com |
International Drug Names |
Pregnancy cat. |
? |
Legal status |
? |
Routes |
P/O, I/M |
Identifiers |
CAS number |
69-81-8 |
ATC code |
B02BX02 |
PubChem |
CID 5360410 |
ChemSpider |
4514501 |
UNII |
81F061RQS4 Y |
Chemical data |
Formula |
C10H12N4O3 |
Mol. mass |
236.23 g/mol |
SMILES
- O=C(N)N/N=C1/C=C2\C(=C/C1=O)N(CC2O)C
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InChI
-
InChI=1S/C10H12N4O3/c1-14-4-9(16)5-2-6(12-13-10(11)17)8(15)3-7(5)14/h2-3,9,16H,4H2,1H3,(H3,11,13,17)/b12-6-
Key:XSXCZNVKFKNLPR-SDQBBNPISA-N
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Y (what is this?) (verify)
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Carbazochrome is an antihemorrhagic, or hemostatic, agent that will cease blood flow by causing the aggregation and adhesion of platelets in the blood to form a platelet plug, ceasing blood flow from an open wound. It is hoped that this drug can be used in the future for preventing excessive blood flow during surgical operations and the treatment of hemorrhoids, but research on its effectiveness and the severity of possible side effects remains to be fairly inconclusive.
With troxerutin, it has been investigated for use in the treatment of hemorrhoids.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Indications
- 2 Mechanism of action
- 3 Vector
- 4 References
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Indications
Capillary and parenchymal hemorrhage (trauma, tonsillectomy, during surgery), intestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenic purpura.
Mechanism of action
Carbazochrome, the semicarbazone of adrenochrome, that interacts with α-adrenoreceptors on surface of platelets, which are coupled to Gq protein and initiate PLC IP3/DAG pathway to increase intracellular free calcium concentration with these subsequent actions:
- Activates PLA2 and induce arachidonic acid pathway to synthese endoperoxides (TxA2, thromboxane A2)
- Calcium binds to calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin light-chain kinase, that will enable the myosin crossbridge to bind to the actin filament and allow contraction to begin. This will change platelet’s shape and induce release of serotonin, ADP, vWF (Von Willebrand factor), PAF (Platelet-activating factor) to promote further aggregation and adhesion.
Vector
Because of its poor solubility in water it must be first thoroughly dissolved in alcohol, melted fat (butter), or vegetable oil (to aid in absorption) and then ingested.[3]
References
- ^ Basile M, Gidaro S, Pacella M, Biffignandi PM, Gidaro GS (2001). "Parenteral troxerutin and carbazochrome combination in the treatment of post-hemorrhoidectomy status: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IV study". Curr Med Res Opin 17 (4): 256–61. PMID 11922398.
- ^ Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Oliaro Bosso S (2000). "Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of troxerutin-carbazochrome in patients with hemorrhoids". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 4 (1-2): 21–4. PMID 11409185.
- ^ Gottlieb, Adam; Legal Highs: A Concise Encyclopedia of Legal Herbs and Chemicals with Psychoactive Properties (1973) 20th Century Alchemist
Antihemorrhagics (B02)
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|
Hemostatics
(coagulation) |
Systemic
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Vitamin K
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- Phytomenadione (K1)
- Menadione (K3)
|
|
Coagulation factors
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- intrinsic: IX/Nonacog alfa
- VIII
- extrinsic: VII/Eptacog alfa
- common: X
- II/Thrombin
- I/Fibrinogen
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Other systemic
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- Etamsylate
- Carbazochrome
- Batroxobin
- thrombopoietin receptor agonist (Romiplostim
- Eltrombopag)
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Local
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- Absorbable gelatin sponge
- Oxidized cellulose
- Tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester
- Thrombin
- Collagen
- Calcium alginate
- Epinephrine/Adrenalone
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|
|
Antifibrinolytics |
- amino acids (Aminocaproic acid
- Tranexamic acid
- Aminomethylbenzoic acid)
serpins (Aprotinin
- Alfa1 antitrypsin
- C1-inhibitor
- Camostat)
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|
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cell/phys (coag, heme, immu, gran), csfs
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rbmg/mogr/tumr/hist, sysi/epon, btst
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drug (B1/2/3+5+6), btst, trns
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Drain Clamping With Tranexamic Acid and Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate Hydrate in Total Knee Arthroplasty.
- Onodera T, Majima T, Sawaguchi N, Kasahara Y, Ishigaki T, Minami A.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
- The Journal of arthroplasty.J Arthroplasty.2011 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print]
- The aim of this randomized prospective study was to clarify risks associated with a drain-clamping method using tranexamic acid and carbazochrome sodium sulfonate hydrate after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Subjects comprised 100 patients scheduled to undergo TKA, randomized into 2 groups: 50 patie
- PMID 21435821
- Hydralazine modifies Aβ fibril formation and prevents modification by lipids in vitro.
- Maheshwari M, Roberts JK, Desutter B, Duong KT, Tingling J, Fawver JN, Schall HE, Kahle M, Murray IV.SourceDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 142E Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States.
- Biochemistry.Biochemistry.2010 Dec 14;49(49):10371-80. Epub 2010 Nov 17.
- Lipid oxidative damage and amyloid β (Aβ) misfolding contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Thus, the prevention of oxidative damage and Aβ misfolding are attractive targets for drug discovery. At present, no AD drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prevent or halt d
- PMID 21058733
Japanese Journal
- ダブルバルーン式内視鏡にて慢性消化管出血の診断に成功した維持血液透析患者の1例
- 岸 誠司,西岡 敬祐,荒木 真,荒岡 利和,松村 毅,河南 智晴,斎田 宏,竹岡 浩也
- 日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 40(8), 669-674, 2007-08-28
- 症例は71歳, 女性. 糖尿病性腎症に由来する慢性腎不全のため, 2002年7月5日に血液透析導入となった. 入院時下血およびHb 4.2g/dLを認め, 上部消化管内視鏡検査および大腸内視鏡検査を施行するも出血源を同定できず. 以後も2002年10月, 2004年3月, 11月, 12月と同様の症状にて入院となり, 上部および大腸内視鏡検査, X線造影検査, およびシンチグラフィにて精査するも出 …
- NAID 10019966594
- 関矢 信康,喜多 敏明,小暮 敏明,柴原 直利,嶋田 豊,寺澤 捷年
- 日本東洋醫學雜誌 52(3), 341-345, 2001-11-20
- NAID 110004002045
Related Links
- carbazochrome sodium sulfonateの意味や和訳。 カルバゾクロムスルホン酸ナトリウム - 約473万語ある英和辞典・和英辞典。発音・イディオムも分かる英語辞書。
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- carbazochrome
- ラ
- carbazochromum
- 化
- カルバゾクロムスルホン酸ナトリウム carbazochrome sodium sulfonate
- 商
- アーツェー、アドカルAC、アドナ、アドナミン、オダノン、オフタルム、カルタゾン、カルバジャスト、タジン、チチナ、ベハイド、ラノビ
- 関
- 止血剤
[★]
スルホン酸、スルホン酸塩、ルホン化する
- 関
- sulfonation、sulfonic acid
[★]
カルバゾクロム
- 関
- carbazochrome sodium sulfonate