関: calvaria、calvariae、calvarial、cranium、skull

WordNet

the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
the part of the skull that encloses the brain (同)braincase, brainpan
the dome of the skull (同)skullcap

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『頭がい骨』,しゃれこうべ / 《話》おつむ,頭
頭蓋

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/23 01:46:49」(JST)

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The calvaria or skullcap (feminine Latin noun with plural calvariae; however, many medical texts list the word as calvarium, neuter Latin noun with plural calvaria) is the upper part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain.

The calvaria (skullcap) is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones.^[1] In the human skull, the sutures between the bones normally remain flexible during the first few years of postnatal development, and fontanelles are palpable. Premature complete ossification of these sutures is called craniosynostosis.

Structure

Resistance structures of calvaria

The outer surface of the skull possesses a number of landmarks. The point at which the frontal bone and the two parietal bones meet is known as "Bregma". The point at which the two parietal and occipital bones meet is known as "Lambda". Not only do these landmarks indicate the fontanelle in newborns, they also act as reference points in medicine and surgery.

The inner surface of the skull-cap is concave and presents depressions for the convolutions of the cerebrum, together with numerous furrows for the lodgement of branches of the meningeal vessels. Along the middle line is a longitudinal groove, narrow in front, where it commences at the frontal crest, but broader behind; it lodges the superior sagittal sinus, and its margins afford attachment to the falx cerebri. On either side of it are several depressions for the arachnoid granulations, and at its back part, the openings of the parietal foramina when these are present.

It is crossed in front by the coronal suture and behind by the lambdoid suture, while the sagittal suture lies in the medial plane between the parietal bones.

Layers

The outer layer of the skull has been removed and shows the diploic veins and inner layer.

Most bones of the calvaria consist of internal and external tables or layers of compact bone, separated by diploë. The diploë is cancellous bone containing red bone marrow during life, through which run canals formed by diploic veins. The diploë in a dried calvaria is not red because the protein was removed during preparation of the cranium. The internal table of bone is thinner than the external table, and in some areas there is only a thin plate of compact bone with no diploë.^[2]

Development

In the fetus, the formation of the Calvaria involves a process known as intramembranous ossification, although the base of the skull (underlying the brain) develops through endochondral ossification.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Tubbs, R. Shane; Bosmia, Anand N.; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A. (27 November 2011). "The human calvaria: a review of embryology, anatomy, pathology, and molecular development". Child's Nervous System 28 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1637-0. PMID 22120469.
^ Moore, K. L.; Daly, A. F.; Agur, A. M. R., eds. (2010). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (6th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p. 1168. ISBN 978-0-7817-7525-0.

External links

Cross section image: skull/calv-inf - Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
Cross section image: skull/calv-sup - Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における頭蓋骨骨折 skull fractures in adults
2. 頭蓋骨縫合早期癒合症の概要 overview of craniosynostosis
3. 小児における頭蓋骨骨折 skull fractures in children
4. 致死的骨格形成異常の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of the lethal skeletal dysplasias
5. 熱傷再建の原則：顔面、頭皮、および頸部 principles of burn reconstruction face scalp and neck

English Journal

Influence of a combo side airbag on the risk for basilar skull fracture in a far-side occupant.

Viano DC1, Burnett R, Parenteau CS.
Traffic injury prevention.Traffic Inj Prev.2014 Oct 3;15(7):726-33. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.879124.
Objective: The impact force to the head and neck were measured in sled tests with and without inflation of a combo airbag for a far-side occupant to determine the risk for basilar skull fracture. Methods: Sled tests were run at 24 and 32 km/h (15 and 20 mph) with and without inflation of a combo si
PMID 24433103

Whole-procedural Radiological Accuracy for Delivering Multi-session Gamma Knife Radiosurgery With a Relocatable Frame System.

Ma L1, Pinnaduwage D, McDermott M, Sneed PK.
Technology in cancer research & treatment.Technol Cancer Res Treat.2014 Oct;13(5):403-8. doi: 10.7785/tcrtexpress.2013.600259. Epub 2013 Aug 31.
A newly developed Gamma Knife relocatable eXtend frame system has enabled the delivery of multi-session Gamma Knife radiosurgery without the use of skull pin fixation frame system. In this study, we investigate and report for the first time the whole procedural radiological accuracy for administerin
PMID 24000986

Surgery for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with lateral extension to the infratemporal fossa.

Yamada M1, Tsunoda A2, Tokumaru T1, Aoyagi M3, Kawano Y3, Yano T4, Kishimoto S5.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2014 Aug;41(4):359-63. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2014.02.009. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the usefulness of skull base surgery for large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) with lateral extension to the infratemporal fossa.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven cases were enrolled for this study, and the mean age was 17.7 years old (range: 8-32). Six ou
PMID 24685728

Japanese Journal

A-15 種々の埋入部位におけるアパタイト骨形成能変化の評価(リン酸カルシウム,一般講演(口頭発表),第63回日本歯科理工学会学術講演会)

野崎浩佑,山下仁大,永井亜希子
日本歯科理工学会誌 33(2), 125, 2014-03-25
… The critical-size bone defects were surgically created at the epicondyle of right and left femur, medial surface of right and left tibia, and calvarium. …
NAID 110009815464

髄膜腫様の画像所見を呈した乾酪性壊死を伴った頭蓋内結核腫の1例

安河内秀興,木下良正,原田篤邦,津留英智,山﨑富浩,古野貴,秋葉純,矢野博久
Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 23(9), 751-756, 2014
90歳, 女性. 頭部打撲のため当科受診した. 頭部CTでは右前頭葉に浮腫を認め, その部の頭蓋骨内板が破壊されていた. 造影MRIではdural tail signを伴った不規則に造影される腫瘤を認めた. 神経脱落症状はなかったが, 悪性髄膜腫や転移性硬膜腫瘍などと鑑別のため開頭腫瘍摘出術を施行した. 骨片の内面と硬膜の表面にもろいチーズ様の腫瘤が付着し, 硬膜と連続して弾性硬の脳実質外の腫瘍 …
NAID 130004692086

Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Enhanced Bone Augmentation beyond the Skeletal Envelope within a Plastic Cap in The Rat Calvarium

Tsuchiya Noriko,Sato Shuichi,Kigami Risa [他]
Journal of hard tissue biology 22(2), 221-226, 2013-04
NAID 40019716328

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リンク元	「calvaria」「calvarial」「calvariae」

「calvaria」

Calvaria (skull)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	calvaria
Dorlands; /Elsevier	c_03/12206548
TA	A02.1.00.032
FMA	52800
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

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頭蓋冠、頭頂骨、頭頂部

関: calvariae、calvarial、calvarium、cranium、os parietale、parietal、parietal bone、skull

「calvarial」

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頭蓋冠の、頭頂骨の、頭頂部の

関: calvaria、calvariae、calvarium、os parietale、parietal、parietal bone

「calvariae」

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