WordNet

a shape that is generated by rotating an ellipse around one of its axes; "it looked like a sphere but on closer examination I saw it was really a spheroid" (同)ellipsoid of revolution
of or relating to spheres or resembling a sphere; "spherical geometry"
any of various irises having a rootstock formed like a bulb
plant growing from a bulb

PrepTutorEJDIC

球根の;球根のある / 球根状の
回転楕円体(面)
球形の,球状の / 天体の;天球の
球形の,球状の;小球体(粒)から成る

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/31 09:41:12」(JST)

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For other uses, see Bulb (disambiguation).

Shallot bulbs

Amaryllis bulb

A bulb is a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases.^[1] The leaves often function as food storage organs during dormancy.

A bulb's leaf bases, known as scales, generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot. The base is formed by a stem, and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side. Tunicate bulbs have dry, membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales.^[2] Species in the genera Allium, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs. Non-tunicate bulbs, such as Lilium and Fritillaria species, lack the protective tunic and have looser scales.^[3]

Other types of storage organs (such as corms, rhizomes, and tubers) are sometimes erroneously referred to as bulbs. The technical term for plants that form underground storage organs, including bulbs as well as tubers and corms, is geophyte. Some epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae) form above-ground storage organs called pseudobulbs, that superficially resemble bulbs.

Nearly all plants that form true bulbs are monocotyledons, and include:

Onion, garlic, and other Allia, family Alliaceae.
Lily, tulip, and many other members of the lily family Liliaceae.
Amaryllis, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and several other members of the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae.
Two groups of Iris species, family Iridaceae: subgenus Xiphium (the "Dutch" irises) and subgenus Hermodactyloides (the miniature "rock garden" irises).

Oxalis, in the family Oxalidaceae, is the only dicotyledon genus that produces true bulbs.^[4]

Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages; the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage. Certain environmental conditions are needed to trigger the transition from one stage to the next, such as the shift from a cold winter to spring.^[2]

Bulbil

Some lilies form small bulbs, called bulbils in their leaf axils. Several members of the onion family, Alliaceae, including Allium sativum (garlic), form bulbils in their flower heads, sometimes as the flowers fade, or even instead of the flowers. The so-called Tree onion (Allium cepa var. proliferum) forms small onions which are large enough for pickling.

Some ferns, such as Hen and Chicken Fern produce new plants at the tips of the fronds' pinnae, which are sometimes referred to as bulbils.

Bulbils form in the leaf axils of Lilium lancifolium
Wild garlic (Allium vineale) bulbils sprouting
"Tree onions" form clusters of small bulbs instead of flowers

References

^ Bell, A.D. 1997. Plant form: an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
^ ^a ^b Mishra, S.R. (2005). Plant Reproduction. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 120–125. ISBN 978-81-7141-955-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=giqdNdoJNQsC.
^ Ellis, Barbara W. (2001). Bulbs. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-618-06890-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=HeSW3gkjXFMC.
^ Hartmann, Hudson Thomas; Dale E. Kester (2002). Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices (7 ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 561. ISBN 978-0-13-679235-2.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Further delineation of the KBG syndrome phenotype caused by ANKRD11 aberrations.

Ockeloen CW1, Willemsen MH1, de Munnik S1, van Bon BW2, de Leeuw N1, Verrips A3, Kant SG4, Jones EA5, Brunner HG1, van Loon RL6, Smeets EE7, van Haelst MM8, van Haaften G8, Nordgren A9, Malmgren H9, Grigelioniene G9, Vermeer S10, Louro P11, Ramos L11, Maal TJ12, van Heumen CC13, Yntema HG1, Carels CE14, Kleefstra T1.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG.Eur J Hum Genet.2015 Sep;23(9):1176-1185. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.253. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Loss-of-function variants in ANKRD11 were identified as the cause of KBG syndrome, an autosomal dominant syndrome with specific dental, neurobehavioural, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies. We present the largest cohort of KBG syndrome cases confirmed by ANKRD11 variants reported so far, consisting
PMID 25424714

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Histopathologic Features.

Smedley RC1, Earley ET2, Galloway SS3, Baratt RM4, Rawlinson JE5.
Veterinary pathology.Vet Pathol.2015 Sep;52(5):903-9. doi: 10.1177/0300985815588608. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a painful progressive condition of older horses that involves multiple teeth, including canines and incisors. EOTRH is uncommonly recognized by veterinary pathologists and in some cases may be misdiagnosed as cementoblastoma. The c
PMID 26077784

Ankylosaurid dinosaur tail clubs evolved through stepwise acquisition of key features.

Arbour VM1,2,3, Currie PJ3.
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2015 Aug 31. doi: 10.1111/joa.12363. [Epub ahead of print]
Ankylosaurid ankylosaurs were quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs with abundant dermal ossifications. They are best known for their distinctive tail club composed of stiff, interlocking vertebrae (the handle) and large, bulbous osteoderms (the knob), which may have been used as a weapon. However, tai
PMID 26332595

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