関: bromothymol blue、BTB

WordNet

used to signify the Union forces in the American Civil War (who wore blue uniforms); "a ragged blue line"
blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; "he had eyes of bright blue" (同)blueness
any of numerous small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
blue clothing; "she was wearing blue"
any organization or party whose uniforms or badges are blue; "the Union army was a vast blue"
of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; "Octobers bright blue weather"- Helen Hunt Jackson; "a blue flame"; "blue haze of tobacco smoke" (同)bluish, blueish
causing dejection; "a blue day"; "the dark days of the war"; "a week of rainy depressing weather"; "a disconsolate winter landscape"; "the first dismal dispiriting days of November"; "a dark gloomy day"; "grim rainy weather" (同)dark, dingy, disconsolate, dismal, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary
suggestive of sexual impropriety; "a blue movie"; "blue jokes"; "he skips asterisks and gives you the gamy details"; "a juicy scandal"; "a naughty wink"; "naughty words"; "racy anecdotes"; "a risque story"; "spicy gossip" (同)gamy, gamey, juicy, naughty, racy, risque, spicy
morally rigorous and strict; "the puritan work ethic"; "puritanic distaste for alcohol"; "she was anything but puritanical in her behavior" (同)puritanic, puritanical
turn blue
a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues" (同)blue devils, megrims, vapors, vapours
a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes
a process that makes something blue (or bluish) (同)blueing
used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge (同)blueing, blue

PrepTutorEJDIC

『青い』,あい色の / 青黒い / 《話》陰気な,憂うつな / 〈U〉『青色』,あい色;青色の着物 / 〈U〉〈C〉青色絵の具,あい色染料 / 《the~》《詩》青空,青い海 / 《the blues》《話》気のふさぎ,うれいの色 / 《the blues》《ときに単数扱い》(ジャズ音楽の)ブルース / …'を'青色にする
= bluing

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/07 13:11:17」(JST)

wiki en

Bromothymol blue (also known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein and BTB) is a pH indicator. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). A common use is for measuring the presence of carbonic acid in a liquid. It is typically sold in solid form as the sodium salt of the acid indicator.

Bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
below pH 6.0		above pH 7.6
6.0	⇌	7.6

Structure and properties

Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the difference in color. An intermediate of the deprotonation mechanism is responsible for the greenish color in neutral solution.^[2]

The protonated form of bromothymol blue has its peak absorption at 692 nm thus transmitting yellow light in acidic solutions, and the deprotonated form has its peak absorption at 602 nm thus transmitting blue light in more basic solutions.^[3]

The general carbon skeleton of bromothymol blue is common to many indicators including chlorophenol red, thymol blue, and bromocresol green.^[2]

The presence of one moderate electron withdrawing group (bromine atom) and two moderate donating groups (alkyl substituents) are responsible for bromothymol blue's active indication range from a pH of 6.0 to 7.6. While the conjugation is responsible for the length and nature of the color change range, these substituent groups are ultimately responsible for the indicator's active range.^[2]

Structure at different pH ranges

Bromothymol blue is sparingly soluble in oil, but soluble in water, ether, and aqueous solutions of alkalis. It is less soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and practically insoluble in petroleum ether.^[4]

Preparation

To prepare a solution for use as pH indicator, dissolve 0.10 g in 8.0 cm³ N/50 NaOH and dilute with water to 250 cm³. To prepare a solution for use as indicator in volumetric work, dissolve 0.1 g in 100 cm³ of 50% (v/v) ethanol.^[4]

Uses

Different colors of bromothymol blue at marked pH conditions.

Bromothymol blue may be used for observing photosynthetic activities, or as a respiratory indicator (turns yellow as CO₂ is added).^[5]^[6] A common demonstration of BTB's pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB. As carbon dioxide is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbonic acid, the solution changes color from green to yellow. Thus, BTB is commonly used in science classes to demonstrate that the more that muscles are used, the greater the CO₂ output.

Bromothymol blue has been used in conjunction with phenol red to monitor the fungal asparaginase enzyme activity with phenol red turning pink and bromothymol blue turning blue indicating an increase in pH and therefore enzyme activity. However, a recent study suggests that methyl red is more useful in determining activity due to the bright yellow ring form in the zone of enzyme activity.^[7]

It may also be used in the laboratory as a biological slide stain. At this point, it is already blue, and a few drops are used on a water slide. The cover slip is placed on top of the water droplet and the specimen in it, with the blue coloring mixed in.^{[clarification needed]} It is sometimes used to define cell walls or nuclei under the microscope.

Bromothymol is used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. Amniotic fluid typically has a pH > 7.2, bromothymol will therefore turn blue when brought in contact with fluid leaking from the amnion. As vaginal pH normally is acidic, the blue color indicates the presence of amniotic fluid. The test may be false-positive in the presence of other alkaline substances such as blood or semen, or in the presence of bacterial vaginosis.

References

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c De Meyer, Thierry (March 2014). "Substituent effects on absorption spectra of pH indicators: An experimental and computational study of sulfonphthaleine dyes". Dyes and Pigments. 102: 241–250. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.10.048. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^ Nahhal; et al. (18 July 2012). "Thin film optical BTB pH sensors using sol–gel method in presence of surfactants" (PDF). International Nano Letters. 2 (16): 3. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b O'Neil, Maryadele J (2006). The Merck Index. Merck Research Laboratory. p. 1445. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1.
^ Sabnis R. W. (2007). Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8218-1.
^ Sabnis R. W. (2010). Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-470-40753-0.
^ Dhale, Mohan (July 2014). "A comparative rapid and sensitive method to screen l-asparaginase producing fungi". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 102: 66–68. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2014.04.010. Retrieved 18 November 2014.

External links

J.T.Baker MSDS
Bromothymol Blue (Sodium Salt) -Sigma Aldrich

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 後天性色素性母斑（ほくろ） acquired melanocytic nevi moles
2. アテローム性プラークに起因する塞栓症：アテローム塞栓症（コレステロール結晶塞栓症） embolism from atherosclerotic plaque atheroembolism cholesterol crystal embolism
3. 色素内視鏡検査 chromoendoscopy
4. 顔面病変のダーモスコピー dermoscopy of facial lesions
5. 下肢の急性動脈閉塞（急性下肢虚血）の概要 overview of acute arterial occlusion of the extremities acute limb ischemia

English Journal

SIMPLE, SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY OF NAPROXEN IN PURE, PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION AND HUMAN SERUM SAMPLES.

Alizadeh N, Keyhanian F.
Acta poloniae pharmaceutica.Acta Pol Pharm.2015 Sep-Oct;72(5):867-75.
Two simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of naproxen in pure, pharmaceutical preparation and human serum samples. These methods are based on the formation of yellow ion-pair complexes between naproxen and two sulfophthalein acid dyes, namel
PMID 26665392

Development of a food spoilage indicator for monitoring freshness of skinless chicken breast.

Rukchon C1, Nopwinyuwong A2, Trevanich S3, Jinkarn T2, Suppakul P4.
Talanta.Talanta.2014 Dec;130:547-54. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.048. Epub 2014 Jul 27.
A colorimetric mixed-pH dye-based indicator with potential for the development of intelligent packaging, as a "chemical barcode" for real-time monitoring of skinless chicken breast spoilage, is described. Also investigated was the relationship between the numbers of microorganisms and the amount of
PMID 25159445

Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of piroxicam in pure form, capsule and human blood serum samples via ion-pair complex formation.

Alizadeh N1, Keyhanian F2.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Sep 15;130:238-44. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.074. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the rapid determination of piroxicam (PX) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method involves formation of stable yellow colored ion-pair complexes of the amino derivative (basic nitrogen) of P
PMID 24792197

Japanese Journal

Development of a pH-Sensitive Film Using a Porous Anodic Oxide Film of Al

表面技術 = The journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 60(3), 186-189, 2009-03-01
NAID 10025394951

Characterization of Efficient Aerobic Denitrifiers Isolated from Two Different Sequencing Batch Reactors by 16S-rRNA Analysis(ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHOLOGY)

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 103(6), 563-567, 2007-06-25
NAID 110006385792

植物病原細菌の炭素源利用試験に用いる共通基礎培地の検討

日本植物病理學會報 67(2), 97-106, 2001-08-25
NAID 110002751952

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ブロムチモールブルー」「ブロモチモールブルー」「BTB」「bromothymol blue」
関連記事	「blue」「bluing」

「ブロムチモールブルー」

Bromothymol blue
Names
	IUPAC name 4,4′-(1,1-Dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-3,3-diyl)bis(2-bromo-6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol)
Identifiers
CAS Number	76-59-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:86155 ;
ChemSpider	6208 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.884
PubChem CID	6450;
UNII	VGU4LM0H96 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3 Key: NUHCTOLBWMJMLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C27H28Br2O5S/c1-13(2)17-11-20(15(5)23(28)25(17)30)27(19-9-7-8-10-22(19)35(32,33)34-27)21-12-18(14(3)4)26(31)24(29)16(21)6/h7-14,30-31H,1-6H3 Key: NUHCTOLBWMJMLX-UHFFFAOYAD ;
	SMILES Brc1c(O)c(cc(c1C)C3(OS(=O)(=O)c2ccccc23)c4cc(c(O)c(Br)c4C)C(C)C)C(C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H28Br2O5S
Molar mass	624.38 g·mol−1
Density	1.25 g/cm3
Melting point	202 °C (396 °F; 475 K)
Solubility in water	Sparingly soluble in water
Acidity (pKa)	7.0
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page; http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927468
NFPA 704	1 2 0
Supplementary data page
Structure and; properties	Refractive index (n),; Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic; data	Phase behaviour; solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references