WordNet

any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions (同)bromegrass
annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean (同)downy bromegrass, downy cheat, downy chess, cheatgrass, drooping brome, Bromus tectorum
grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia (同)Japanese chess, Bromus japonicus
annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia (同)Bromus arvensis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/19 23:55:37」(JST)

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English Journal

Indirect effects of an invasive annual grass on seed fates of two native perennial grass species.

Meyer SE, Merrill KT, Allen PS, Beckstead J, Norte AS.Author information Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT, 84606, USA, smeyer@fs.fed.us.AbstractInvasive plants exhibit both direct and indirect negative effects on recruitment of natives following invasion. We examined indirect effects of the invader Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) on seed fates of two native grass species, Elymus elymoides and Pseudoroegneria spicata, by removing B. tectorum and by adding inoculum of the shared seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda in factorial experiments at xeric and mesic field sites. We also included a supplemental watering treatment to increase emergence and also the potential for pathogen escape. We recorded emergence and survival of native seedlings and also determined the fate of unemerged seeds. At the xeric site, Pyrenophora-caused mortality was high (34 %), and effects of other pathogens and failed emergence of germinants were smaller. Cheatgrass removal negatively affected both emergence (35 vs. 25 %) and spring survival (69 vs. 42 %). Pyrenophora-caused seed mortality increased with inoculum augmentation for both species (22 vs. 47 % overall), but emergence was negatively impacted only for P. spicata (20 vs. 34 %). At the mesic site, Pyrenophora-caused mortality was low (6 %). Cheatgrass removal doubled emergence (26 vs. 14 %). Seed mortality increased significantly with inoculum augmentation for P. spicata (12 vs. 5 %) but not E. elymoides, while emergence was not significantly affected in either species. A large fraction of seeds produced germinants that failed to emerge (37 %), while another large fraction (35 %) was killed by other pathogens. We conclude that facilitation by cheatgrass at the xeric site but interference at the mesic site was probably mediated through litter effects that could be ameliorative or suppressive. Apparent competition between cheatgrass and native grasses could occur through Pyrenophora, especially in a xeric environment, but effects were weak or absent at emergence. This was probably because Pyrenophora attacks the same slow-germinating fraction that is subject to pre-emergence mortality from other causes, including attack by other pathogens such as Fusarium.
Oecologia.Oecologia.2014 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Invasive plants exhibit both direct and indirect negative effects on recruitment of natives following invasion. We examined indirect effects of the invader Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) on seed fates of two native grass species, Elymus elymoides and Pseudoroegneria spicata, by removing B. tectorum an
PMID 24399482

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Chen W, Wellings C, Chen X, Kang Z, Liu T.Author information State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.AbstractStripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease of wheat occurring in most wheat areas with cool and moist weather conditions during the growing season. The basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. Pst is a macrocyclic, heteroecious fungus that requires a living host (wheat/grasses, Berberis/Mahonia spp.) to complete the asexual and sexual phases of its life cycle, respectively. Urediniospores have the capacity for wind dispersal over long distances which may, under high inoculum pressure, extend to thousands of kilometers from initial infection sites. Stripe rust, which is considered the current major rust disease affecting winter cereal production across the world, has been intensively studied for over a century. This review summarizes current knowledge of the Pst /wheat pathosystem with emphasis on the life cycle, uredinial infection process, population biology of the pathogen, genes for stripe rust resistance in wheat, and molecular perspectives of wheat-Pst interactions.
Molecular plant pathology.Mol Plant Pathol.2013 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12116. [Epub ahead of print]
Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease of wheat occurring in most wheat areas with cool and moist weather conditions during the growing season. The basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artific
PMID 24373199

Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Allergenic Tryp_alpha_amyl Protein Family in Plants.

Wang J, Yang L, Zhao X, Li J, Zhang D.Author information National Center for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.AbstractMost known allergenic proteins in rice ( Oryza sativa ) seed belong to the Tryp_alpha_amyl family (PF00234), but the sequence characterization and the evolution of the allergenic Tryp_alpha_amyl family members in plants have not been fully investigated. In this study, two specific motifs were found besides the common alpha-amylase inhibitors (AAI) domain from the allergenic Tryp_alpha_amyl family members in rice seeds (trRSAs). To understand the evolution and functional importance of the Tryp_alpha_amy1 family and the specific motifs for the allergenic one, a BLAST search identified 75 homologous proteins of trRSAs (trHAs) from 22 plant species including main crops such as rice, maize ( Zea mays ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) from all available sequences in the public databases. Statistical analysis showed that the allergenicity of trHAs is closely associated with these two motifs with high number of cysteine residues (p value = 0.00026), and the trHAs with and without the two motifs were clustered into separate clades, respectively. Furthermore, significant difference was observed on the secondary and tertiary structures of allergenic and nonallergenic trHAs. In addition, expression analysis showed that trHA-encoding genes of purple false brome ( Brachypodium distachyon ), barrel medic ( Medicago truncatula ), rice, and sorghum are dominantly expressed in seeds. This work provides insight into the understanding of the properties of allergens in the Tryp_alpha_amyl family and is helpful for allergy therapy.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2013 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Most known allergenic proteins in rice ( Oryza sativa ) seed belong to the Tryp_alpha_amyl family (PF00234), but the sequence characterization and the evolution of the allergenic Tryp_alpha_amyl family members in plants have not been fully investigated. In this study, two specific motifs were found
PMID 24328177

Japanese Journal

Base-paired structure in the 5' untranslated region is required for the efficient amplification of negative-strand RNA3 in the bromovirus melandrium yellow fleck virus.

Narabayashi Taiki,Kaido Masanori,Okuno Tetsuro,Mise Kazuyuki
Virus research 188, 162-169, 2014-08-08
… A similar base-paired structure in RNA3 of another bromovirus, brome mosaic virus (BMV), also facilitated the efficient amplification of BMV RNA3, but only in combination with melandrium yellow fleck virus (MYFV) replicase and not with BMV replicase, thereby suggesting specific interactions between base-paired structures and MYFV replicase. …
NAID 120005462602

Gossip, reputation and theatre: the public sphere in witch plays

中村友紀
自然・人間・社会 (49), 29-40, 2010-07
… This paper, focusing on three plays, Thomas Heywood and Richard Brome's The Witches of Lancashire, William Rowley, Thomas Dekker and John Ford's The Witch of Edmonton, and Thomas Middleton's The Witch, analyzes how the deeply‐seated patriarchal mindset is working in the interplay between sensationalism and domesticity. …
NAID 40017291669

Analysis of rice RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (OsRDR1) in virus-mediated RNA silencing after particle bombardment

CHEN Hui,TAMAI Atsushi,MORI Masashi,UGAKI Masashi,TANAKA Yoshikazu,SAMADDER Partha P.,MIYAO Akio,HIROCHIKA Hirohiko,YAMAOKA Naoto,NISHIGUCHI Masamichi
Journal of general plant pathology : JGPP 76(2), 152-160, 2010-04-01
NAID 10029719442