WordNet

viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
arrangement of aerial photographs forming a composite picture (同)arial mosaic, photomosaic
art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
transducer formed by the light-sensitive surface on a television camera tube
a pattern resembling a mosaic
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
of or relating to Moses or the laws and writings attributed to him; "Mosaic Law"
a freeware browser
any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions (同)bromegrass

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〈U〉モザイク(ガラス・木材・石などを組み合わせて図案化したもの) / 〈C〉《単数形で》モザイク画;モザイク模様
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
モーセ(Moses)の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/11 14:12:43」(JST)

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Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a small (28 nm, 86S), positive-stranded, icosahedral RNA plant virus belonging to the genus Bromovirus, family Bromoviridae, in the alphavirus-like superfamily.

BMV commonly infects Bromus inermis (see Bromus) and other grasses, can be found almost anywhere wheat is grown, and thrives in areas with heavy foot or machinery traffic. It is also one of the few grass viruses that infects dicotyledonous plants; however, it primarily infects monocotyledonous plants, such as barley and others in the family Gramineae.

BMV was first isolated in 1942 from bromegrass (Bromus inermis),^[2] had its genomic organization determined by the 1970s, and was completely sequenced with commercially available clones by the 1980s.^[3]^[4]

The alphavirus-like superfamily includes more than 250 plant and animal viruses including Tobacco mosaic virus, Semliki forest virus, Hepatitis E virus, Sindbis virus, and arboviruses (which cause certain types of encephalitis).^[5]^[6] Many of the positive-strand RNA viruses that belong to the alphavirus family share a high degree of similarity in proteins involved in genomic replication and synthesis.^[7]^[8] The sequence similarities of RNA replication genes and strategies for BMV have been shown to extend to a wide range of plant and animal viruses beyond the alphaviruses, including many other positive-strand RNA viruses from other families.^[9] Understanding how these viruses replicate and targeting key points in their life cycle can help advance antiviral treatments worldwide.

BMV has a genome that is divided into three 5' capped RNAs. RNA1 (3.2 kb) encodes a protein called 1a (109 kDa), which contains both an N-proximal methyltransferase domain and a C-proximal helicase-like domain. The methyltransferase domain shows sequence similarity to other alphavirus m7G methyltransferases and guanyltransferases, called nsP1 proteins, involved in RNA capping.^[10] RNA2 (2.9 kb) encodes the 2a protein (94 kDa), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, responsible for replication of the viral genome.^[9]^[5] The dicistronic RNA3 (2.1 kb) encodes for two proteins, the 3a protein (involved in cell-to-cell migration during infection) and the coat protein (for RNA encapsidation and vascular spread), which is expressed from a subgenomic replication intermediate mRNA, called RNA4 (0.9 kb). 3a and coat protein are essential for systemic infection in plants but not RNA replication.^[11]^[5]^[12]

References

^ Lucas, R. W.; Larson, S. B.; McPherson, A. (2002). "The crystallographic structure of brome mosaic virus". Journal of Molecular Biology 317 (1): 95–108. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5389. PMID 11916381.
^ Lane, L. C. (1974). "The bromoviruses". Advances in virus research 19: 151–220. doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60660-0. PMID 4613160.
^ Ahlquist, P.; Luckow, V.; Kaesberg, P. (1981). "Complete nucleotide sequence of brome mosaic virus RNA3". Journal of molecular biology 153 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90524-6. PMID 7338913.
^ Lane, 2003
^ ^a ^b ^c Sullivan & Ahlquist, 1997
^ Lampio, 1999
^ Ahlquist, P.; Strauss, E. G.; Rice, C. M.; Strauss, J. H.; Haseloff, J.; Zimmern, D. (1985). "Sindbis virus proteins nsP1 and nsP2 contain homology to nonstructural proteins from several RNA plant viruses". Journal of virology 53 (2): 536–542. PMC 254668. PMID 3968720.
^ French, R.; Ahlquist, P. (1988). "Characterization and engineering of sequences controlling in vivo synthesis of brome mosaic virus subgenomic RNA". Journal of virology 62 (7): 2411–2420. PMC 253399. PMID 3373573.
^ ^a ^b Ahlquist, P. (1992). "Bromovirus RNA replication and transcription". Current opinion in genetics & development 2 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80325-9. PMID 1378769.
^ Ahola, T.; Ahlquist, P. (1999). "Putative RNA capping activities encoded by brome mosaic virus: Methylation and covalent binding of guanylate by replicase protein 1a". Journal of virology 73 (12): 10061–10069. PMC 113057. PMID 10559320.
^ Sacher, R.; Ahlquist, P. (1989). "Effects of deletions in the N-terminal basic arm of brome mosaic virus coat protein on RNA packaging and systemic infection". Journal of virology 63 (11): 4545–4552. PMC 251087. PMID 2795712.
^ Diez, J.; Ishikawa, M.; Kaido, M.; Ahlquist, P. (2000). "Identification and characterization of a host protein required for efficient template selection in viral RNA replication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (8): 3913–3918. doi:10.1073/pnas.080072997. PMC 18116. PMID 10759565.

Charles J. Sailey. Portion of thesis entitled Characterization of Brome Mosaic Virus RNA3 interaction with GCD10, a tRNA binding host factor from yeast. 2005. University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ブロムモザイクウイルス」「Bromoviridae」「cowpea chlorotic mottle virus」「bromovirus」
関連記事	「mosaic」「brome」「virus」

「ブロムモザイクウイルス」

Brome mosaic virus
	Crystal structure of Brome Mosaic Virus. PDB entry 1js9
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family:	Bromoviridae
Genus:	Bromovirus
Species:	Brome mosaic virus